Enhancing Employability in OIC Countries: Enhancing Employability in OIC Countries: The Role of Vocational Education and Training ( (VET) ) Occupational Safety and Health Capacity Building Programme (OSHCaB) Building Programme (OSHCaB) of SESRIC
The Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009 Impact on Employment Increasing in unemployment rates Millions of jobless workers (particularly poor and unskilled) Young People faced greater challenges 2
Unemployment Worldwide (Adult and Youth) Total Adult Youth 15 12.8% 12 11.9% 9 ercent 6.3% 5.7% Pe 6 4.8% 4.2% 3 0 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009f 2010f The declining trend in worldwide average unemployment rates reversed during and after g the crisis, with youth unemployment , y p y recorded higher levels 3
Adult Unemployment in the World and OIC Countries OIC World Developed Developing 9 8 7 Percent 6.45% 6 6 5.28% 4.92% 5 4.84% 4 3 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009* 2009* 2010* 2010* Adult average unemployment rate of OIC countries decreased steadily from a g p y y level of above 6% in 2005 to slightly below 5% in 2008. Yet, in 2009 it reached 5.3%, a rate which is higher than the world average and the average of the DCs 4
Unemployment in OIC Countries - Country Level 35 30 25 20 20 Percent 15 10 5 0 In recent years, unemployment rates were above the level of 10% in many OIC countries, and ranged between 7 to 11% in some major countries like g 7 j Turkey, Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Egypt 5
Youth Unemployment in OIC Countries 40 35 30 ercent 25 Pe 20 15 10 5 0 Youth unemployment rates are very high in many OIC countries. They reached above 30% in some countries like Tunisia, Egypt, Palestine and Alb Albania i 6
Solutions to Unemployment Economic growth and cut in real wages Policies for reducing the supply of labor: e.g. work sharing, early retirement reducing labor migration retirement, reducing labor migration Vocational Education and Training (VET) programs g ( ) p g 7
Labour Market Policies in Times of Crises ILO (2009) S ( ) urvey (79 countries) y ( ) 30 25 20 es mber of Countrie 15 Num 10 5 0 Public works Entrepreneurship Changes to UB Job / wage Job search Reduction in Training programmes incentives subsidies assistance / PES working hours HIC MIC LIC Training was the most frequently used policy measure to mitigate the g g unemployment impact of the crisis 8
Labour Market Policies in Times of Crises – OIC Countries Middle Income Labour Market Policies (LMP) High Income (HIC) Low Income (LIC) (MIC) Subsidized and unsubsidized Turkey reduction in working hours reduction in working hours Job / wage subsidies and cuts to Malaysia, Turkey employer social contributions Public works programmes Public works programmes Indonesia, Malaysia, including employment guarantee Bangladesh Pakistan, Turkey schemes Job search assistance and improved capacity of public Malaysia, Pakistan employment services Training (including on ‐ the ‐ job Egypt, Indonesia, training), work experience and training), work experience and Bahrain, Saudi Arabia Bahrain, Saudi Arabia Malaysia, Morocco, Malaysia, Morocco, Bangladesh Bangladesh apprenticeship programmes Pakistan, Turkey Indonesia, Malaysia, Entrepreneurship incentives Pakistan, Turkey Changes to unemployment benefit Jordan schemes 9 out of the 10 OIC countries, included in the ILO Survey, used training as 9 out of the 10 OIC countries, included in the ILO Survey, used training as a policy response to mitigate the impact of the crisis on labour market 9
Enhancing Employability –The Role of VET Vocational Education and Training (VET) is one of the practices that can effectively Vocational Education and Training (VET) is one of the practices that can effectively contribute to capacity building and skill improvement of labour force, and, thus, enhancing employability. According to ILO definition, VET is an educational activity with both theoretical and practical components directed to identifying and developing human capabilities for a productive and satisfying working life . It gives a greater emphasis capabilities for a productive and satisfying working life . It gives a greater emphasis on the practical side of developing and upgrading technical skills of workers and employees in preparation for a particular job. VET programs could play a vital role in meeting the demand of the labour market through helping people to develop their skills and competence and, thus, increase their capabilities to continue in their jobs and/or to compete for other better job p j / p j opportunities . VET programs have a particularly positive effect on transitions into work for early VET programs have a particularly positive effect on transitions into work for early school leavers. Empirical studies suggest that people, particularly young, who participate in post ‐ school VET programs experience better employment outcomes through increasing their likelihood to be employed and get higher earnings g g g g g compared to those who do not. 10
Vocational Education and Training Programme for OIC Member Countries (OIC-VET) ( ) Building OIC partnerships Initiated by SESRIC to I iti t d b SESRIC t among org’s ’ involved in improve the quality of VET vocational education and training in public and private sectors with the Improving innovation aim of improving the p g Organizing Organizing capacity, capacity competencies and skills of facilitating OIC ‐ VET building transfer of programs the people according to innovative practices p th the needs and priorities of d d i iti f labour markets through intra ‐ OIC partnerships at Developing institutional level knowledge and skills on continuous basis basis
Official launch of the OIC-VET Program The OIC ‐ VET Programme has been g officially launched by the COMCEC Economic Summit held in Istanbul on 9 November 2009. 9 9
Mechanism of OIC-VET Program Governance Governance Executing Organ (EO) [SESRIC] Monitoring Monitoring and Advisory National Focal Committee Points (NFPs) (MAC) ( )
Sub OIC-VET Capacity Building Programs Statistical Capacity Building g Program Occupational (StatCaB) Safety and Environment Health Capacity Capacity Building Building Program g Program Program (OHSCaB) Capacity C i Sub OIC ‐ VET Stock Building Capacity Exchange Program for Program Building Central (SEP) Programs Banks Ibn Sina Health Tobacco T b Capacity Control Building Program (Ibni Sina OIC Cotton HCaB) Training P Program (OIC ‐ CTP) 14
Mechanism: Sub OIC-VET Capacity Building Programs Designing Questionnaire D i i Q ti i Relevant National Institutions R l N i l I i i Analysis of Responses l f Planning / Matching Needs and Capacities Implementation / Organizing Training Courses 15
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Occupational safety and health (OSH) encompasses the social, mental and physical • well ‐ being of workers in all occupations. Work ‐ related accidents and diseases are common in all parts of the world and have • many direct and indirect negative consequences for workers and their families. Workers and their families, other people in the community and the physical • environment around the workplace can all be at risk due to poor working conditions and workplace hazards. k l h d Effective OSH programmes can help saving the lives of workers by reducing hazards and p g p g y g • their consequences. They can also have positive effects on both worker morale and productivity, and can save employers a great deal of money.
Estimated number of occupational accidents and fatal work-related diseases (Latest data available) In the world: Almost 340 million occupational accidents causing more than 4 days absence • Almost 360 thousand fatal occupational accidents • Almost 2 million fatal work ‐ related diseases • In OIC countries In OIC countries More than 80 million occupational accidents causing more than 4 days of absence • Almost 86 thousand fatal occupational accidents • More than 390 thousand fatal work ‐ related diseases 39 • Fatal occupational Fatal occupational Fatality Rate per Fatality Rate per Occupational accidents Occupational accidents Occupational Accident Occupational Accident Fatal work related Fatal work ‐ related accidents 100,000 workers causing >= 4 days’ absence Rate per 1,000 workers diseases (2002) World Total 357,948 13.8 336,532,471 129.66 1,945,115 OIC Total OIC Total 85 939 85,939 15.86 15.86 80 799 012 80,799,012 149.13 149.13 390 445 390,445 Estimates indicate that occupational accidents are a serious problem in the world and p p the OIC countries, but the OIC countries suffer more from occupational accidents 17
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