Engineers without Borders
IN INTRODUCTION Liban Normann Holm Assistant Professor at University College Copenhagen Previously Deputy Global Safety Adviser with the Danish Refugee Council Have also worked with DanChurchAid, the UN World Food Programme and the UN Mine Action Service
Why are we conducting this training? To inform on and discuss Best Practice for Security Risk Management
HOW? 1 hr presentation 45 minutes QA
OVERVIEW DAY 2 DAY 1 • Plan (3) • Duty of Care • Act (4) • Pre-assessment • Crisis Management • Evacuation • Assessment (1) • Security Management Plan • Decide (2) • Training & briefs
“ Security is always seen as too much, until the day it’s not “ enough
”CAN I GO TO DADAAB ?”
Two main aspects of f Duty Duty of Care Legal Moral
Duty Duty of Care Duty of Care is a shared responsibility between sending & hosting organisation and the volunteer Define who is part of your Duty of Care • Management control and oversigt
“The question isn’t whether an organisation can afford to implement duty of care it’s whether they can afford not to” 5. februar 2018
WHAT IS IS THE ROLE OF THE SECURITY OFFICER? The The individual organisation staff member
Has the world become more dangerous for aid workers in the last 20 years? Please type yes or no According to the Norwegian Peace Institute the world is just as dangerous to aid workers today as 20 years ago
COGNITIVE BIA IAS Mental short-cuts It defines how we as human beings see the world It impacts our ability to do Security Risk Assessments
The availability heuristic What happens in the world
The availability heuristic What happens in the world News coverage
A risk assessment is what you know and often what you fear – the trick is to know which is which
Risk Assessment
The danger of mixing up causality and correlation
Drowning deaths Consumption of ice-cream
How to do a Security Risk Assessment?
5 AGENDA ALTERNATIVES Click on photo icons to insert pictures
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO SECURITY 5. oktober 2017
CONTEXT ASSESS
Elements to include in the context xt assessment Political situation Judicial system Health services Police/security Fire-fighting & emergency services Demography (Clan/tribes/social groups etc.) Infrastructure/power/water/sanitation Natural hazards (weather, earth quakes, land slides etc) Etc.
CONTEXT ASSESS PROGRAMME
Ele lements to in include in in the programme assessment Programme criticality (priority) Where you get the funding from Number of staff Major assets Activities Main recepients Office location(s) Etc.
Where to seek information Police, local authorities Other organisations (UN, NGOs, CSOs etc) Staff Local population Ministry of foreign affairs, Insurance companies…. EISF.eu for great and free resources on all security related. Their Security to Go, Crisis Management, How to handle families etc are excellent resources.
Copenhagen ASSESS LGTB rights
Moscow ASSESS LGTB rights
CONTEXT THREAT ASSESS ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME
CONTEXT THREAT RISK ANALYS ASSESS ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME
5 – VERY HIGH The threat is imminent or actively occurring. Staff LOW MEDIUM HIGH VERY HIGH UNACCEPTABLE exposed on a daily basis. Intent and capability exist to directly target DRC. 4 – HIGH Very high probability of Car accident occurring. Weekly exposure. LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH VERY HIGH Intent and capability are evident to a significant extent for direct targeting. 3 – MEDIUM Elevated probability of an incident of occurring. VERY LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH Monthly exposure. Some indications 2 – LOW There is more chance that it will not occur. Few VERY LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM indications of intent and/or capability exist for direct targeting. 1 – VERY LOW Unlikely to occur. No indications of intent and/or NEGLIGIBLE VERY LOW VERY LOW LOW LOW capability are evident. 1 – VERY LOW 2 – LOW 3 – MEDIUM 4 – HIGH 5 – VERY HIGH LIKELIHOOD No injuries; no loss or Minor injuries; some Non-life threatening Serious injury; and/or Death or disability; damage to assets; no loss or damage to injury; high stress; major loss or and/or complete loss delays to programs; assets; minor delays loss/ damage to destruction of assets; of assets; and/or loss and/or no damage to to programs; and/or assets; some and/or severe of programs; and/or reputation. field-level damage to program delays; program disruption; global reputation reputation. country reputation and/or regional damage. damage. reputation damage. IMPACT
5 – VERY HIGH The threat is imminent or actively occurring. Staff LOW MEDIUM HIGH VERY HIGH UNACCEPTABLE exposed on a daily basis. Intent and capability exist to directly target DRC. 4 – HIGH Very high probability of occurring. Weekly exposure. LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH VERY HIGH Intent and capability are evident to a significant extent for direct targeting. 3 – MEDIUM Elevated probability of an incident of occurring. VERY LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH Monthly exposure. Some indications 2 – LOW There is more chance that it will not occur. Few VERY LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM Car accident indications of intent and/or capability exist for direct targeting. 1 – VERY LOW Unlikely to occur. No indications of intent and/or NEGLIGIBLE VERY LOW VERY LOW LOW LOW capability are evident. 1 – VERY LOW 2 – LOW 3 – MEDIUM 4 – HIGH 5 – VERY HIGH LIKELIHOOD No injuries; no loss or Minor injuries; some Non-life threatening Serious injury; and/or Death or disability; damage to assets; no loss or damage to injury; high stress; major loss or and/or complete loss STANDARD OPERATING delays to programs; assets; minor delays loss/ damage to destruction of assets; of assets; and/or loss PROCEDURES and/or no damage to to programs; and/or assets; some and/or severe of programs; and/or reputation. field-level damage to program delays; program disruption; global reputation reputation. country reputation and/or regional damage. damage. reputation damage. IMPACT
5 – VERY HIGH The threat is imminent or actively occurring. Staff LOW MEDIUM HIGH VERY HIGH UNACCEPTABLE exposed on a daily basis. Intent and capability exist to directly target DRC. 4 – HIGH Very high probability of occurring. Weekly exposure. LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH VERY HIGH Intent and capability are evident to a significant extent for direct targeting. 3 – MEDIUM Elevated probability of an incident of occurring. VERY LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH Monthly exposure. Some indications 2 – LOW There is more chance that it Car accident will not occur. Few VERY LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM indications of intent and/or capability exist for direct targeting. 1 – VERY LOW Unlikely to occur. No indications of intent and/or NEGLIGIBLE VERY LOW VERY LOW LOW LOW capability are evident. 1 – VERY LOW 2 – LOW 3 – MEDIUM 4 – HIGH 5 – VERY HIGH LIKELIHOOD No injuries; no loss or Minor injuries; some Non-life threatening Serious injury; and/or Death or disability; damage to assets; no loss or damage to injury; high stress; major loss or and/or complete loss CONTINGENCY PLANS delays to programs; assets; minor delays loss/ damage to destruction of assets; of assets; and/or loss and/or no damage to to programs; and/or assets; some and/or severe of programs; and/or reputation. field-level damage to program delays; program disruption; global reputation reputation. country reputation and/or regional damage. damage. reputation damage. IMPACT
Threats to deal with Ebola Fraud Sexual assault Car accidents Robbery Earth quakes Etc.
Risk = threats (external) x vulnerability (internal)
Threats Vulnerability Risk Landmines Staff/volunteers are daily Death/severe injury going into new areas Fraud Judicial system is weak Programmes will close Car accidents Robberies Ebola Earth quakes Sexual assault
Avoid risk Above Share risk Threshold of DECIDE acceptable risk Control risk Below
Acceptance Deterrence Protection
Acceptance Deterrence Protection
Avoid risk Above Share risk Threshold of DECIDE acceptable risk Control risk Below Accept risk
”DO OR DO NOT – THERE IS NO TRY” Mission Criticality Impact if Suspended Types of Intervention People will suffer and lives will Food, WASH, Demining, Life-Saving be lost Shelter Restoration & Development of Loss of livelihoods, dignity, Livelihoods, Protection, MRE, Livelihoods and other rights Education animation” under Advocacy, Capacity Organization or Institutional Lost opportunities to improve – Development, Community Change one’s situation Safety
Risk threshold guidelines How many incidents can you deal with at any given time? How many critical incidents can you deal with at any given time? Do you have a trained and functional Crisis Management Team? Are your staff/volunteers trained (security/safety, first aid etc)? What is the programme criticality?
”DID HE GO TO DADAAB ?”
SECURITY RIS ISK MANAGEMENT II II
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