Energy-Related Environmental Policy I nitiatives Affecting New York - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Energy-Related Environmental Policy I nitiatives Affecting New York State and the Region: Local/ Regional I nitiatives and Emerging Opportunities Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation, and Protection in New York: Linking Science and Policy Albany, NY – October 7­8, 2003 Ken Colburn NESCAUM kcolburn@nescaum.org

Got an Hour? Multiple initiatives under each category: • Climate Change • Electricity • Diesels • Fuels • Light Duty Motor Vehicles • Monitoring & Evaluation • Low Income / Environmental Justice • Multi­Pollutant Legislation

CLIMATE CHANGE • RGGI (Gov. Pataki’s Cap & Trade Initiative) • NEG­ECP Climate Commitment & Process • Northeast GHG Registry – Infrastructure essential for cap­and­trade • Region­Specific Climate & Economic Modeling “Umbrella” for policy makers ­ PRECIS, NE­MARKAL + NY + CA, REMI • Impacts of climate change on air quality ­ Georgia Tech / MIT / NESCAUM

ELECTRICITY • DG (NESCAUM study in Metro­NYC area) • CHP (NECHPI; new Northeast CHP Center; NY Rule; NYSERDA leadership & support) • Mercury MACT – “Floor = average of top 12% performing utilities – EPA to propose by 12/15/03, finalize by 12/15/04, compliance by 12/15/07 (unless multi­p legislation changes MACT)

DIESEL ENGINES • Retrofits; Sanitation Fleets, Buses, and Ferries – NESCAUM/EPA Retrofit Workshop, October 21­22 in NYC • Truck Stop Electrification (Hunts Point, Syracuse, soon NJ) • NESCAUM Nonroad Occupational Exposure Studies

NYC DOS SCR & DPF Combination Mack Truck SEP:

Rated CNG Street Sweeper Cummins, Inc. SEP: ULEV

Refuse Collection Truck Test Results: Particulate Matter 25CF­044 DPX OCRTC2x 25CF­044 OCRTC2x 25CF­043 CRT OCRTC2x AVERAGE 25CF­043 OCRTC2x REDUCTION: 88% 25CF­042 CRT NYGTC3x 25CF­042 NYGTC3x 25CF­045 DPX NYGTC3x 25CF­045 NYGTC3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 Retrofit (DPX/CRT) run Grams Per Mile Uncontrolled diesel run

Refuse Collection Truck Test Results: Fuel Economy 25CF­044 DPX OCRTC2x 25CF­044 OCRTC2x 25CF­043 CRT OCRTC2x 25CF­043 OCRTC2x AVERAGE 25CF­042 CRT NYGTC3x PENALTY: 0.15% 25CF­042 NYGTC3x 25CF­045 DPX NYGTC3x 25CF­045 NYGTC3x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Retrofit (DPX/CRT) run Miles Per Gallon Uncontrolled diesel run

Hunts Point TSE project Sustainable South Bronx and NYPA have installed a 30­bay truck electrification system at the Hunt’s Point Market in the South Bronx. Adopting a system from IdleAire Technologies will create a zero­idling zone, eliminate diesel exhaust, and provide needed health benefits to this community.

PM 2.5 & Estimated Diesel PM Exposure ywvutsrponmlkihgfedcaXWUTSRPMLHEDCA zyxwvutsrponmlkjihgfedcbaYXWVUTSRPONMLJIHGFEDCBA New York City #7 Construction Activity PM 2.5 Integrated Sampling Results Estimated Diesel Particulate Matter Exposure Workday Low Estimated High Estimated Low Estimated High Estimated Average DPM DPM DPM DPM Concentration Concentration Concentration 24-hour Average* Concentration Concentration ( µ g/m 3 ) ( µ g/m 3 ) range ( µ g/m 3 ) Concentration ( µ g/m 3 ) ( µ g/m 3 ) range ( µ g/m 3 ) Sampling Location Day 1 Perimeter Site #1 49.272 1.97 26.11 31.09 1.24 16.48 Perimeter Site #2 76.574 3.06 40.58 40.19 1.61 21.30 Excavator A 66.250 2.65 35.11 36.75 1.47 19.48 Excavator B 45.482 1.82 24.11 29.83 1.19 15. 81 PC­100 45.676 1.83 24.21 29.89 1.20 15. 84 New PM2.5 Standard? (e.g., 15­25 u/m3?) Drill 36.704 1.47 19.45 26.90 1.08 14. 26 Day 2 New, lower averaging times? (e.g., 3 hours?) Perimeter Site #1 58.24 2.33 30.87 34.08 1.36 18. 06 Perimeter Site #2 59.62 2.38 31.60 34.54 1.38 18. 31 Excavator A 69.58 2.78 36.88 37.86 1.51 20. 07 Excavator B 60.26 2.41 31.94 34.75 1.39 18.42 PC­100 44.37 1.77 23.52 29.46 1.18 15.61 Drill ­0.86 ­0.03 ­0.45 14.38 0.58 7.62 Day 3 Perimeter Site #1 34.503 1.38 18.29 26.17 1.05 13.87 Perimeter Site #2 20.864 0.83 11.06 21.62 0.86 11.46 Excavator A 45.434 1.82 24.08 29.81 1.19 15.80 PC­100 77.126 3.09 40.88 40.38 1.62 21.40 Drill 49.469 1.98 26.22 31.16 1.25 16.51 *Assumes ambient average concentration is 22 µ g/m 3

Target Gas Concentrations, NYC 12.00 10.00 8.00 ) Concentration ( µ g/m 3 6.00 Acetaldehyde 4.00 Formaldehyde Benzene 2.00 0.00 Upwind Downwind Drill PC­100 Big Excav Monitoring Location

Nonroad Diesel Study Preliminary Results • Diesel equipment activity substantially increased PM 2.5 exposures for workers and nearby residents, by as much as 16 times. • Individual workers’ estimated 24-hour exposures exceed current air quality standards by nearly 2 to 3.5 times – substantially increasing workers’ health risk. • The most potent portion of PM 2.5 – diesel particulate matter – was estimated to exist at levels that pose risk of chronic inflammation and lung damage in exposed individuals. • As many as 200,000 workers may be exposed to these harmful concentration levels of nonroad equipment emissions in the Northeast. • Concentrations of acetaldehyde, benzene and formaldehyde around nonroad equipment operations were as much as 140 times the federally established screening threshold for cancer risk. • Concentrations of metals known to cause inflammatory responses and damage in pulmonary cells, such as iron, nickel and vanadium, were elevated in samples collected around nonroad equipment.

FUELS • Low­Sulfur Diesel Fuels • MTBE: – NY moving ahead in 60+ days – Renewable Fuel Standard (Ethanol) Compromise is in 2003 Energy Bill • Home Heating Oil – Opportunity!

LIGHT DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES • California LEV II (AB 1492 – Pavley) – Gov. Pataki’s Inaugural Speech • Regional LEV II – Four states now (NY, MA, VT, ME) – CT, NJ, RI all considering joining

MONITORING & EVALUATION • NESCAUM Black Carbon Characterization Study (Spatial Distribution) • Rural “Transport Supersites” • Diesel Occupational Exposure Studies • Source apportionment work underway in NJ

Spatial BC Distribution Study

Spatial BC Distribution Study Results 11 Jan thru 26 Feb 2003 1-Hour Spatial BC Distributions 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 95th percentile 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 N = 1117 Hours 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 90th 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 BC, µg/m 3 1.2 1.2 1.1 75th 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.89 0.9 0.9 mean 0.82 0.8 0.8 50th 0.7 0.7 0.59 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.46 25th 0.41 0.38 0.4 0.4 10th 0.3 0.27 0.3 5th 0.25 0.23 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Stow Beacon Hill Roxbury Brigham Circle Brighton Newton Waltham Weston Wayland

Micro­Scale Follow­Up BC Study

Preliminary Results of Follow­Up BC Study Summer 2003 1­hour Boston BC percentiles Limited to days with data from all sites 3.5 3.5 N = 840 hours 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 BC, µg/m 3 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 Stow Joy St . Pinckney St. Albany St./BU­SPH Roxbury N.End South St./NAVC S.Bos B&G Club Hereford at Beacon HSPH Brighton Waltham

PM/Haze Rural “Transport Supersites”

Planned “Transport Supersites”

OC Peaks with Ozone => Secondary Regional Component

OC Unrelated to EC

Motor Vehicle Impact Shows in Hourly Data Diurnal BC Jan 04 - Mar 06, 2003 1.8 1.8 Beacon Hill 1.6 1.6 Workday (N = 42) Roxbury 1.4 Brigham Circle 1.4 Brighton 1.2 Waltham 1.2 BC, µg/m 3 Stow 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 Non-Workday (N = 19) 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 BC, µg/m 3 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hour (Local Time)

Possible Future “Transport Supersites”

LOW INCOME / ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE • Clean Air Communities – Teams disadvantaged community partners with technology partners, funding, and assistance • Consolitdated Ed – Hunts Point TSE, GMDC, Seward Park, etc. • NYPA Queens Clean Air Project

CAC Projects Co­Funded by NYSERDA • GMDC : 115kW solar installation on 2 commercial buildings in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. • Cherry Tree Association : 15kW solar installation on community building in Mott Haven, Bronx. • Seward Park Housing Corp : FlexTech grant to identify return on investment based energy efficiency control measures at 1700 unit housing cooperative in lower East Side, Manhattan. • Clinton Hill : Combined heat and power (CHP) project utilizing micro­turbine technology at large, multi­building residential housing complex in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn.

MULTI-POLLUTANT LEGISLATION • S.843 ­ Carper / Chafee / Gregg – Alexander now too • S. 485 ­ Administration’s Clear Skies Act – Attach to Energy Bill?

CONCLUSION • Whew! • “All scientific work is incomplete – whether it be observational or experimental. All scientific work is liable to be upset or modified by advancing knowledge. That does not confer upon us a freedom to ignore the knowledge we already have, or to postpone the action that it appears to demand at any given time.” Hill, Bradford. The environment and disease: association or causation. Proceedings of the Royal Society for Medicine. 1965; 58; 295­300.