Endocrine Disruptors and Persistent Organics in Ithaca NY . Susan Allen-Gil, Jose L. Lozano Ithaca College and Ithaca Area Wastewater Treatment Facility. 1
• PAT PHILLIPS AND TIA-MARIA SCOTT (USGS ALBANY) • NYS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH • ITHACA COLLEGE (SUSAN ALLEN-GIL) • CORNELL (DAMIAN HELBLING AND AMY POCHODYLO) • CORNELL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION • CAYUGA FLOATING CLASSROOM 2
IAWWTF 3
THE STARTING POINT: DRINKING WATER INTAKE Six Mile Creek Fall Creek 50 250 Antibiotic Anticonvulsant 40 200 Antidepressant Antifungal Antihistamine 30 150 Atrazine Antiviral ng/L ng/L Benzodiazepine Diabetics (Metformin) 100 20 Hypertensives Mescle Relaxants Nicotine Opiates/Opiods 10 50 Other (Non Pharmaceutical) Other Pharmaceuticals Metformin Stimulant 0 0 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 y r y r y e r e y e r e y l e l e l n u a n u a u b b J b M J b M J u m u m m m J J e e e e c c t t p e p e D D e e S S • Six Mile Creek water is cleaner than Fall Creek Water (note scales differ) • Metformin, atrazine, nicotine, and acetaminophen found most often and at highest concentrations • Detectable, reportable, but less than 1 pinch of salt on 10 tons of potato chips 4 • Doesn’t mean that is what comes out of your sink! (just atrazine! 35 nanograms/L)
AFTER HUMAN USE: INFLUENT Antibiotic Anticonvulsant 350000 Antidepressant Antifungal Antihistamine 300000 Antiviral Benzodiazepine Diabetics (Metformin) 250000 Hypertensives Mescle Relaxants 200000 Opiates/Opiods ng/L Other (Non Pharmaceutical) Other Pharmaceuticals 150000 Stimulant 100000 • Much higher levels that raw water 50000 • More compounds 0 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 y r 8 9 0 2 3 4 e r e 7 l e 1 1 1 1 u n b y y b y u J a a y y y y m a m J M M a a a a M e M M M M e c t p e e D S 5
INFLUENT: Caffeine Acetaminophen Metformin MAY 9, 2015 Methyl-1H-benzotriazole 1,7-Dimethylxanthine Fexofenadine Pseudoephedrine + ephedrine3 Acyclovir Nicotine Theophylline Atenolol Ranitidine Antibiotic Desvenlafaxine Diphenhydramine Anticonvulsant Morphine Trimethoprim Antidepressant Cotinine Sitagliptin Antifungal Methocarbamol Sulfamethoxazole Antihistamine Lidocaine Amphetamine Antiviral Tramadol Venlafaxine Benzodiazepine Citalopram Meprobamate Diabetics (Metformin) Diltiazem Cimetidine Hypertensives Metoprolol Quinine Mescle Relaxants Lamivudine Carbamazepine Opiates/Opiods Famotidine Piperonyl butoxide Other (Non Pharmaceutical) Codeine Bupropion Other Pharmaceuticals Fluconazole Dextromethorphan Stimulant Oxycodone Fluoxetine Metaxalone Pentoxifylline Abacavir Penciclovir Nadalol Triamterene Ketoconazole Nizatidine Verapamil Desmethyldiltiazem Thiabendazole Amitriptyline Propranolol Sertraline Promethazine 10-Hydroxy-amitriptyline Atrazine Carisoprodol Chlorpheniramine Norverapamil 6 Methadone Loratadine Fluvoxamine 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 ng/L
JULY 2014 SH2440 INFLUENT VS. EFFLUENT Metformin Caffeine Methyl-1H-benzotriazole Acetaminophen Metformin Fexofenadine Methyl-1H-benzotriazole Desvenlafaxine 1,7-Dimethylxanthine Atenolol Fexofenadine Sulfamethoxazole Acyclovir Acyclovir Nicotine Theophylline Diphenhydramine Pseudoephedrine + ephedrine3 Methocarbamol Ranitidine Pseudoephedrine + ephedrine3 Cotinine Trimethoprim Atenolol Tramadol Sulfamethoxazole Lidocaine Desvenlafaxine Diphenhydramine Bupropion Famotidine Venlafaxine Morphine Sitagliptin Trimethoprim Meprobamate Tramadol Morphine Methocarbamol Cimetidine Penciclovir Sitagliptin Phenytoin Diltiazem Nicotine Lidocaine Diltiazem Penciclovir Metoprolol Lamivudine Venlafaxine Carbamazepine Citalopram Codeine Meprobamate Caffeine Metoprolol Cotinine Bupropion Quinine Metaxalone Amphetamine Triamterene Carbamazepine Metaxalone Pentoxifylline Fluconazole Codeine Citalopram Triamterene Pentoxifylline Oxycodone Antibiotic Lamivudine Fluconazole Anticonvulsant Quinine Oxycodone Antidepressant Nadalol Nadalol Nizatidine Antifungal Propranolol Hydrocortisone Antihistamine Dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan Antiviral Atrazine Abacavir Benzodiazepine Propranolol Thiabendazole Hydrocodone Diabetics (Metformin) Carisoprodol Verapamil Hypertensives Hydrocodone Desmethyldiltiazem Desmethyldiltiazem Muscle Relaxants Thiabendazole Temazepam Atrazine Opiates/Opiods Carisoprodol Erythromycin Other (Non Pharmaceutical) Amitriptyline Acetaminophen Other Pharmaceuticals Sulfadimethoxine 10-Hydroxy-amitriptyline Sertraline Stimulant Albuterol Erythromycin Abacavir 10-Hydroxy-amitriptyline Methadone Omeprazole + esomeprazole3 Norverapamil Norverapamil Omeprazole + esomeprazole3 Verapamil Paroxetine Loratadine Chlorpheniramine Glyburide Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine Loratadine Glyburide 7 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 ng/L ng/L Influent Effluent
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Treatment trend: Polar escapes Lipophilic stays 10
THE ENDING POINT: CAYUGA LAKE 400 Caffeine 300 Atzrazine • Much lower Lidocaine concentrations than ng/L influent/effluent 200 (100,000 to 300 ng/l) Metformin 100 • But some pharmaceuticals detectable 0 4 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 y e r y l e u a n b J M u m J e t p e S 11
CAYUGA LAKE PHARMACEUTICALS SEPTEMBER 2014 Lidocaine Metformin Atrazine Deicing fluid additive Methyl-1H-benzotriazole Caffeine Nicotine Cotinine 12 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ng/L
Compounds Always Detected • Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate – Common plasticizer, classified as a High Production Volume Chemical • Caffeine • DEET • Prometon – Herbicide used for landscaping; not used for food crops • Sucralose • Venlafaxine – Antidepressant 13
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Alternatives : Avoidance UV-O3 / Filtration Selective adsorption/desorption (cyclodextrins) EAG Technology 15
Also of Concern: Microplastics Crowbar Sample
Near East Shore Sailing Dock, 2016, appears to be in GI tract
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All USGS data will be on the NWIS data base http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis Phillips, Patrick < pjphilli@usgs.gov> Damian E Helbling < deh262@cornell.edu> Susan Allen-Gil < sallen@ithaca.edu> Jose Luis Lozano < jll13@cornell.edu> https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwqAUDio7q27b2JpQjJVTDk 0R2c/view?usp= sharing 19
THE ENDING POINT: CAYUGA LAKE HORMONES 1000 • 300 -1000 ng/l • Very low synthetic estrogens 800 600 ng/L Cholesterol 400 Androgens 200 0 June 2014 July 2014 September 2014 May 2015 July 2015 20
CAYUGA LAKE: WASTEWATER COMPOUNDS Personal Care/Domestic Use Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon 0.4 Pesticide/Herbicide Plant/Animal Biochemical Plasticizer/Phosphorous Based Flame Retardant Other 0.3 µg/L 0.2 0.1 0.0 4 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 e y r y e n l a u b M u J m J 21 e t p e S
CAYUGA LAKE: WASTEWATER COMPOUNDS Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) Metolachlor Caffeine Camphor Personal Care/Domestic Use Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pesticide/Herbicide Isophorone Plant/Animal Biochemical Plasticizer/Phosphorous Based Flame Retardant Other 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 µg/L 22
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