Embedded Internet and the Internet of Things WS 12/13 1. Introduction Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş Distributed, embedded Systems (DES) Institute of Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin 1 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Overview • From computers to computer networks • From computer networks to the Internet • From the Internet to the Internet of Things • Projects and application examples • Research @ FU Berlin • Characteristics of wireless networks • IoT vs UC vs other concepts • Summary 2 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
From computers to computer networks 3 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
From computers to computer networks • First computers were standalone machines • Specific machines for specific applications • A machine for a mathematical problem • Examples • ENIAC, ILLIAC, MANIAC • EDVAC • UNIVAC • etc. 4 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Computer generations ENIAC (1946) Original IBM PC (1981) MICAZ Mote (2005) 5000Add or 357Mult or 38Div 4.77 MHz 8 MHz ? KB RAM 16-256 KB RAM 128 KB RAM ? B 160 KB Floppies 512 KB Flash ~$6M (today) ~$6K (today) ~$125 ~150 kW ~64 W ~14 mW 2.4x0.9x30 m 51x41x14 cm 5.7x3.2x0.64 cm 27000 kg 11.33 kg 0.01417 kg ~14 g 5 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
From computers to computer networks • First computers were very expensive • Multi-user by means of terminals • Later connecting peripheral computers • Finally connecting computers with each other over telecommunication links 6 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
First generation computer networks Rest of the world Computing Center Operator Mainframe Telephone lines Demultiplexer Multiplexer Terminals Terminals Peripherals 7 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Introduction of Local Area Networks (LAN) Building A Rest of Own LAN the world Computing Center Building B Mainframe Operator Building C Router Terminals Peripherals 8 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Global networking Building A Rest of the world (Internet) Backbone Building Z 9 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
From computer networks to the Internet 10 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
From computer networks to the Internet • Advent of the Internet • Unique protocol stack -> TCP/IP • Heterogeneous … • machines • operating systems • communication technologies 11 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
From computer networks to the Internet • The Internet consists of • a set of computers, which • use the TCP/IP protocols • are somehow (directly or indirectly) connected • offer or use particular services • a set of users, which have access to these services • a set of other networks, which (somehow) are accessible Institute of Computer Science FU Berlin Germany World 12 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
From computer networks to the Internet • Goal • World-wide communication of heterogeneous computers • Structure: • Interconnection of computers and local networks over and partially interconnected router networks LAN � Definition of a uniform protocol family: TCP/IP 13 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
The Internet: The “real” structure 14 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
The Internet: The “real” structure • World Connection Density, Courtesy of ChrisHarrison.net 15 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
The Internet: Design principles • Minimalism and autonomy • The network operates by itself • It does not require internal changes when new networks are added • Best-effort service model • The network tries to transmit data as good as possible, but does not guarantee a reliable service • Soft-state (stateless) • The routers do not need to maintain end-to-end communication information • Decentralization • No single entity administers the Internet 17 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
The Internet … 18 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
The Internet … Mobile Internet Networks FTP ¡ GSM ¡ Fixed Cable Networks Networks GPRS ¡ WWW ¡ UMTS ¡ Web2 ¡ Broadcast ¡ PSTN ¡ P2P ¡ LTE ¡ ISDN ¡ VoD ¡ Home Networks Enterprise Networks DSL ¡ iTV ¡ Content ¡ ¡ UMS ¡ Sharing ¡ 3G/4G VoIP IPTV WiFi WiMax Communities One Network (Everything over IP) 19 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
From the Internet to the Internet of Things 20 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Every thing is connected • Heterogeneous communication in the Future Internet Ethernet Cable xDSL … … Mobile ad hoc networks GSM IP based core GPRS Wireless mesh networks WiMax ¡ … Z i F i g … i W B e e End-to-End • Required: robust and secure • Sensor networks important part of the Future Internet 21 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Evolution of communication -> IoT Four evolution steps • Step 1: • Person to person • Direct communication, telephony, ... • Step 2: • Person to machine • Fax, Email, PC usage, ... 22 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Evolution of communication -> IoT • Step 3: • Machine to machine • Computer to computer, e.g. Grid Computing, sensor networks, Web 2.0 • Network of computers: • which exchange information in an autonomous way • which use these information by taking the environment into account • the obtained information are not necessarily traditional information, i.e., not only digits or text or images • together with other components which make the global system useful or necessary for the user 23 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Evolution of communication -> IoT • Step 4: • Things to things (The Internet of Things) • Computers become more numerous, cheaper, and smaller. They are implicitly everywhere; they are less computers but rather “things” or “objects”. • Possible and/or already existing applications of such systems: • in medicine (body area networks, supervision of health condition, ...) • in entertainment (the new ICE age, ICE = Information, Communication, Entertainment) • in enterprises (fleet management, self maintenance, ...) • at home (assisted mobility, supervision of property, regulation of consumption, e.g. of fuel or of gas or of electricity, ...) • in traffic (traffic regulation, maintenance, car to car communication, ...) • in emergency situations (crisis management) 24 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Broad technology trends Moore ’ s Law: Number of Bell ’ s Law: a new computer transistors on cost-effective class emerges every 10 years chip doubles every 18 months Computers per Person 1:10 6 Mainframe Mini 1:10 3 Workstation PC Laptop 1:1 PDA Cell Today: 1 million transistors per $ 10 3 :1 Time 27 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Enabling technology Network Radio Microcontroller Flash Communication Sensors Storage 30 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Example: The convenient environment • Humanoid robot Amar as wine waiter • High-Tech meets life style 31 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Example: The assisted environment alert ¡ electriocardiogramm_data ¡ locaHon ¡ summary ¡ call_liJ ¡ control_medicaHon ¡ register_health_event ¡ 32 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Example: The secure environment • Vehicles communicate with each other to • … prevent accidents and • … to improve the traffic quality 33 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Man is in the center • … surrounded by the Future Internet. • Desire: Improvement of quality of life … • in a more and more technical, networked, and smart environment • privacy is important • … man controls the environment • … man has trust into the environment • Robustness and security • Sensor-Actor-Networks 34 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
From the Internet to the Internet of Things Research projects 35 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Great Duck Island (2002) • Goal • Study of seabird colonies • What environmental factors make for a good nest? • What are the occupancy patterns during incubation? • Challenges • Seabird colonies are very sensitive to disturbances • The impact of human presence can distort results by changing behavioral patterns and destroy sensitive populations • Repeated disturbance will lead to abandonment of the colony -> “non-intrusive”, “non-disruptive” • Project details • Partner: UC Berkeley, College of Atlantic und Intel 36 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
Great Duck Island • Over 100 sensor nodes (MICA, TinyOS) • In nests • Base station with satellite link to the Internet • Over 1 Million measurements (Spring to Fall 2002) • Challenge: Amount of data • Multi-hop communication 38 Prof. Dr. Mesut Güne ş ● 1. Introduction
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