Eco-Industrial Estate/Park By Asst. Prof. Dr. Kitikorn Charmondusit September 7, 2010 Eco-Industry Research and Training Center Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University
The World in One Second • Population is increasing by 2.4 persons • 4.2 TVs are manufactured • 21.1 mobile phones are manufactured • 38 tonnes of solid waste is generated • 390,000 m 3 of CO 2 is being emitted. • Glaciers in Greenland melt by 1,620 m 3 • 0.002 species or one species every 7 minutes becomes extinct • USD 6,500 in insurance money is being paid for damage caused by natural disasters • 6.9 tons of meat, consisting of 3 cows, 7 pigs, and 1,100 chickens are consumed Source: UNEP
USA: Stuff: 6,000 Source: Svenningsen, UNEP
Japan: Stuff: 9,000 Source: Svenningsen, UNEP
Thailand Source: Svenningsen, UNEP
India Source: Svenningsen, UNEP
Equity Output Input system Pollution/ Emission Natural Resource Consumption
Sustainable Development Sustainable Development (SD) “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (Brundtland Commission, 1987). Rate of Env. Absorption > Rate of Emission System Rate of NR Established > Rate of Consumption
Triple Bottom Lines for SD Economic aspects Eco-efficiency Socio-economic Social Ecological aspects aspects Socio-ecologic
Sustainable Development Quality of Life Economic Growth Future Present Environmental Burden PPT. from Supply Chain in Agri-Food Sector, T.Ozawa, 2007
I nteraction of I ndustry Investment Natural Resource Business Employee Customer Environmental Impacts Pollutions/Emissions Economic Community/Society
Ecological System Other Other Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Natural Natural Systems Systems Input Government Economic System Industrial System Product Product Life Cycle Life Cycle Firm Households Product Life Cycle Firm Source: Christensen
Human Consumption Pattern & Life Cycle Thinking
Life Cycle Thinking
NR Limitation Equity??? EXPORT Pollution/Emission Equity??? Land use Agriculture>>>Industry??? Product/Consume Standard??? Disposal How/Community???
Idea of Industrial Ecosystem Frosch & Gallopolous of GM 1989 “…the traditional model of industrial activity – in which individual manufacturing processes take in raw materials and generate products to be sold plus waste to be disposed of – should be transformed into a more integrated model: an industrial ecosystem.”
Source: Allenby
Concept of Industrial Ecology Source: Roberts, 2004
Micro Level Cleaner Production & P2 Reference figure: van Berkel, R. 2006. Cleaner Production and Eco-Efficiency. in D. Marinova (ed) Handbook on Environmental Technology Management. Edward Elgar Publications, Cheltenham, UK.
Macro Level: EIP Raw Mat’l Raw Mat’l & Product Management Product Zero Discharge Discharge Recycle/ Reuse Waste Waste Treatment Treatment Manufacture Wastes Social Manufacture Wastes Social I mage I mage Zero Present I ndustrial Park Eco-I ndustrial Park Kwiho Lee, Korea NCPC
Environmental win: Environmental win: -reducing the virgin -reducing waste and emission material and energy input A B output (waste is used as a (substituted with wastes) resource) Roundput: -utilisation of waste material, renewables and waste energy in Economic win: Economic win: cooperration -reducing raw material and -reducing waste management energy costs costs -reducing costs from -reducing costs from D C environmental legislation environmental legislation -image and green markets -image and green markets potential potential Social win: -new employment opportunities through local utilization and management of the material and energy flows -increased cooperation and participation J.Korhonen / Journal of Cleaner Production 12 (2004) 809-823
Industrial Productivity/ Development NR intensity of production Income & Job National/ Longlivety Environment Regional Education Distribution access to NR Cultural properties Community / Society
Asia-Pacific EIP Expert Network ISIE Ne ws Source: http://www.is4ie.org
Source: P.C. Chiang , 2010 EIP workshop, Taiwan
Source: P.C.Chiang, 2010 EIP workshop, Taiwan
Strategies on Establishment of an Environmental Science Technology Park of Taiwan • Manage the waste reduction and reuse technologies to gradually achieve the goals of total recovery, and zero waste. • Build recycling-based eco-cities and eco-villages, raise resource recycling ratios, reduce water and energy consumptions, and pursue economic and environmental benefits. • Promote the development of research and innovation in environmental technology, and unify the management of industrial development and administration. • Establish environmental performance indicators, including, energy and resource recycling rates, the proportion of environment-friendly products manufactured, the pollution reduction rate, and the carbon dioxide reduction rate. Source: P.C.Chiang, 2010 EIP workshop, Taiwan
Ⅲ . Establishment of the Platform for EIP The Taiwan Experience • Industrial Development Bureau, MOEA has initially taken three steps to develop the green supply chain. • Step1:To determine the supply/demand of material and energy in the industrial park. • Step2:To construct the Symbiotic Resource-recycling Networks. • Step3:To promote the supply/demand of material and energy in the industrial park. Source: P.C.Chiang, 2010 EIP workshop, Taiwan
Kaohsiung Linhai Industrial Park Taiwan
Existing Status of Regional Energy Integration in Linhai Industrial Park CAC CPDC CSSC Condensate Fuel Gas Electricity Gas O 2 Steam Steam TCI Gas Argon Gas N 2 Steam CSMC NG Steam Steam CSC LCYCIC Tang Eng Iron Gas N 2 Gas O 2 /N 2 /Argon ↓ Sheng Yu Steel Steam Shang Chen Steel Electricity Gas N 2 Plant Air COG Steam Gas N 2 Steam Gas N 2 H 2 BOCLH Codensate CPC San Fu CSCC Liquid O 2 /N 2 /Argon Linhai Industrial Park Tank Car Source: P.C.Chiang, 2009EIP workshop, Taiwan Huei-Huang Hsiao, CSC, Taiwan Commerical Running Outside Factories ………… Under Construction or Planning
HSIN-JUNG CHEN, EPD, Taiwan
Overall framework for Circular Economy development [Zhao, UNEP SCP 8 Mexico] Eco-industry Service Eco- Eco-industrial industry Agriculture circulation system Nature conservation Water supply Waste management Greening of the city Infrastructure Ecological energy supply circulation system circulation system Green buildings Air quality transportation control Anthony SF Chiu
Definition of three types of EIPs Sector-integrate EIPs Sector-integrated EIPs, composed of companies from various industrial branches, mainly refer to such rebuilt industrial parks on the basis of Economic and Technical Development Zones, High-tech Industry Development Zones and so on. Sector-specific EIPs Sector-specific EIPs are based on one or several corporations in a certain industrial branch, and intend to form symbiosis networks by integrating matter and energy from companies as many as possible, which belong to the same or different industries with the park. Venous Industry Based EIPs Venous Industry Based EIPs are made of dominant business engaged in recycling resource. Source: Z. Wen, 2009 EIP workshop, Taiwan
Indicator systems for Eco-industrial Park Venous Industry Sector-integrated EIP Sector-specific EIP Based EIP Economic development (2) Economic development (1) Economic development (2) Reduction and recycling Reduction and recycling Recycling and utilization of material (7) of material (5) of resources (7) Indicator Pollution control (8) Pollution control (8) Pollution control (5) Park management (4) Park management (5) Park management (6) number 21 19 20 Standard Determination methods for indicator threshold value: Trend extrapolation, Regression Analysis, Analogy prediction, Questionnaire survey Source: Z. Wen, 2009 EIP workshop, Taiwan
Indicators for economic development Threshold values Indicators Sector-integrated EIP Sector-specific EIP ≥ 150,000 yuan per employed person 1 Per capita industrial added value Not required ≥ 25% ≥ 12% 2 Growth rate of industrial added value In 2007, all 3 sector-specific EIPs attained the indicator value for economic development while 5 out of 7 sector-integrated EIPs did so. Reason for non-attainment: 1. For some industrial parks , the added values of their leading industries are relatively low to reach the standard of per capita industrial added value . 2. The threshold for growth rate of industrial added value is too high, which makes it difficult to attain for more and more Sector-integrated EIPs after quick growth for a decade. Source: Z. Wen, 2009 EIP workshop, Taiwan
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