Dynamics of Organically Bound Tritium Dynamics of Organically Bound - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dynamics of Organically Bound Tritium Dynamics of Organically Bound Tritium (OBT) Accumulation in Rainbow Trout (OBT) Accumulation in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ): HTO Exposure ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ): HTO Exposure Experiment Experiment September 6-9, 2010 Sang Bog Kim, Ph.D. Research Scientist Environmental Technologies Branch Chalk River Laboratories Chalk River, Ontario Canada UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 1

Background in Canada • Canada has 20 CANDU reactors - 17 are operating - 3 are being refurbished • Tritium is a Canadian priority • Tritium in Drinking Water Regulation is 7,000 Bq/L • Released forms (HT, HTO) and measured forms (HTO, OBT) are different • Two different dose conversion factors (DCF) and retention times UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 2

Tritium Releases in Canada (2006) Gas Releases Gas Releases Liquid Releases Facility HTO (Bq/yr) HT (Bq/yr) HTO (Bq/yr) 2.0 x 10 15 9.5 x 10 13 1.6 x 10 15 Nuclear power plants 5.5 x 10 13 4.4 x 10 10 Waste management 0 8.5 x 10 13 3.1 x 10 14 4.5 x 10 10 Facilities using tritium 3.2 x 10 14 9.6 x 10 11 9.5 x 10 13 Research facilities 7.8 x 10 11 1.7 x 10 11 6.6 x 10 10 Chemical laboratories Source from CNSC UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 3

Tritium Releases at CRL (2009) Emission Type DRL* Average release Air Emission (Bq/week) 1.8 x 10 15 1.8 x 10 13 HTO 6.6 x 10 16 2.6 x 10 10 HT Liquid Emission (Bq/week) 2.9 x 10 16 8.9 x 10 12 HTO to Ottawa River 5.5 x 10 15 5.0 x 10 11 HTO to Maskinonge Lake 2.9 x 10 16 4.0 x 10 11 Groundwater Monitoring * = Derived release limit UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 4

Sampling Locations – Fish Study ORD B01 KMC B02 Rapides B04 des B03 BMC HIL Joachims SOB ORR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � B06 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � DBC C T o ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ � � � � � ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � OR5 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ Deep River ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ y ( M a c k e ) Balmer � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � CRL � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Bay � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � B07 ORH ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ � � � � � � � � � � ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � S-6 SHC S-7 Chichester � � � � � � � � � � � ORF � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � C Sheenboro � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � BHC � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � SCB B08 Chapeau ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � BDO � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Fort William Chalk River � � � � � � � � � � C � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Allumette Island Demers CRH B09 PET Centre � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � LTH BTH Petawawa CRL Environmental Monitoring Locations Outside CRL Boundary ORP B10 Road ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Highway 17 Pembroke River / Lake � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Surface Water � � � � � � � � � � To ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ � Beach Sediment Waltham Fish ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Farm Animals ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ Killaloe ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ To ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ Produce ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ Environmental Technologies Branch, CRL C Critical Group Location February 2008 Map-08-006 Map A-1b: CRL Liquid and Biological Environmental Monitoring Locations - Outside CRL Boundary UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 5

Point Aux Baptême UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 6

Working on the Ottawa River UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 7

Total Fish Sampled Mackey 35 Rolphton 26 Sand Spit 36 Cotnam 26 TOTAL # of fish: 123 Todd Chaput UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 8

Concentrations of Tritium in Aquatic Biota in Canada (1) HTO OBT OBT/ Location Sample (n) Type (Bq/L) (Bq/L) HTO Discharge Salmonid (3) Pelagic 10.3 – 2.7 – 5.7 0.26 – A 10.8 0.50 Sucker (3) Benthic 19.1 – 9.0 – 19.4 0.46 – 19.7 1.02 Discharge Salmonid (4) Pelagic 13.9 – 2.0 – 8.4 0.10 – B 60.2 0.52 Sucker (3) Benthic 14.3 – 8.6 – 14.3 0.47 – 21.3 1.00 Algae (2) - 11.4 – 32.1 – 2.45 – 13.1 38.5 3.38 Creek Salmonid (3) Pelagic 14.7 – 6.3 – 16.3 0.37 – 19.8 0.99 Sucker (3) Benthic 13.9 – 8.2 – 12.8 0.35 – 23.4 0.91 9

Concentrations of Tritium in Aquatic Biota in Canada (2) HTO OBT OBT/ Location Sample (n) Type (Bq/L) (Bq/L) HTO Bass (2) Pelagic 20.9 – 114.5 – 5.48 – Effluent 22.6 153.9 6.81 Catfish (4) Benthic 73.1 – 39.1 – 0.46 – 85.0 759.1 9.42 Carp (4) Benthic 54.1 – 18.9 – 0.34 – 56.4 51.2 0.95 Bay Clam (2) Benthic 6.3 – 8.9 68.2 – 7.66 – 169.4 26.8 Mussel (1) Benthic 9.1 310.4 34.1 Intake Carp (4) Benthic 7.1 – 14.6 9.5 – 32.6 1.04 – 2.39 Catfish (2) Benthic 11.6 – 40.1 – 3.29 – 12.9 42.5 3.46 UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 10

Concentrations of Tritium in Aquatic Biota in Cardiff HTO (Bq/kg- OBT (Bq/kg- OBT/ Group Species wet) wet) HTO Crustacea Shore crab 2500 56900 22.76 Shrimp 250 39250 157 Mollusca Mussel 3600 15700 4.36 Whelk 8700 65200 7.49 Winkle 0 4000 - Marine fish Grey mullet 30 420 14 Sole (fillet) 500 4700 9.4 Sole (whole) 19000 50500 2.66 Food Standards Agency (2003) UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ

New Drinking Water Standard • Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) proposed the 100 Bq/L design objective for protection of potable groundwater resources in Canada • Average OBT/HTO ratios were on the order of 2-3 for plant products and 10 for animal product near nuclear facilities UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 12

Tritium Experiments • Mussel ( Elliptio complanata ) experiment: 2006 – 2007 - Field experiment • Minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) experiment: 2008 - Laboratory experiment • Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) experiment: 2009 ~ - Biological Research Facility (BRF) and Canadian Animal Care Committee (CACC) - HTO exposure alone - OBT exposure alone - HTO and OBT exposure UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 13