The ELV Directive as an instrument to drive circular economy in the automotive industry – Driving towards circularity, Bratislava, 6/7 November 2017 D
Circular Economy Biomass & Bio-based Plastics Products Food Construction & Demolition Waste Critical Raw Materials Innovation, Investment & Monitoring 2
The ELV Directive 2000/53/EC • ELVs as a priority waste stream , addressing challenges concerning end-of-life vehicles in the 1980s/1990s • Directive covers: Passenger cars with up to 8 places and driver, small vans up to 3.5 t • Objectives : (1) Minimise environmental impact of ELVs; (2) Ensure proper functioning of the internal market and avoid distortions of competition • De facto: an instrument to drive circularity in the automotive sector
Reported weight of generated waste from ELVs – 6 Mio ELVs in 2015 Generated waste (tonnes) 6 500 000 35 000 6 450 000 30 000 6 400 000 25 000 6 350 000 20 000 6 300 000 6 250 000 15 000 6 200 000 10 000 6 150 000 5 000 6 100 000 6 050 000 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 European Union (28 countries) Slovakia
ELV Directive – Targets / Substance ban • MS to introduce systems to ensure that targets are attained by economic operators • from 2006 : Minimum reuse and recovery rate: 85% Minimum reuse and recycling rate: 80% • from 2015 : Minimum reuse and recovery rate: 95% Minimum reuse and recycling rate: 85% • Substance ban : Pb, Hg, Cd, CrVI List of exemptions in Annex II regularly reviewed according to technical and scientific progress
Extended Producer Responsibility Design responsibility Producers to limit the use of hazardous substances in vehicles Producers to design cars in a way that facilitates dismantling, recycling, reuse and recovery: Standards in the type-approval directive (The ‘ 3R-Directive: Commission Directive 2005/64/EU) Producers to integrate more recycled materials in new vehicles Organisational responsibility Economic operators to set up collection systems and achieve targets Financial responsibility = free take back Information responsibility (coding standards) Coding standards to facilitate identification of components suitable for reuse and recovery Provide dismantling information, ia on location of all hazardous substances in vehicles: I nternational D ismantling I nformation S ystem
ELV - Treatment and organisation Treatment only by authorised treatment facilities (ATF) Minimum technical requirements for storage and treatment of end-of-life vehicles Hazardous materials to be removed before shredding, stripping to ensure suitability of components for reuse and recycling MS to encourage treatment operators to implement certified environmental management systems Important: Vehicles are not to be deregistered without a ‘ certificate of destruction’ to be provided by the ATF (or producer or dealer)
Achievements of the ELV Directive “Contributed to making car manufacturing in the EU a more efficient, innovative and more sustainable industry” No more abandoned ELVs, increase in number of ELVs treated in ATFs, and of ATFs Proper treatment (not only of materials with a positive value), new treatment technologies/infrastructure, increased efficiency and sector expanded and professionalised High targets under the Directive largely met (2015 recycling/reuse already in anticipation, not yet 95% recovery/reuse) Reduction of hazardous substances largely achieved Improved information for recyclers (IDIS), progress in design for disassembly and design for reuse
Challenges and opportunities Systemic problem with statistically missing ELVs: 4.2 Mio! Lack of good quality data, also reporting by MS (Material) technology development (e-mobility, plastic) creating new challenges affecting the treatment of vehicles, new opportunities e.g. critical raw materials recovery Recycling infrastructure effectiveness Innovations expected, i.e. concerning material separation enhancement, thermo-chemical conversion (gasification and pyrolysis) and recycling/recovery routes of the residue.
Challenges and opportunities - Plastic Plastic in cars increasing – from 12-15% to 18% (?) in 2020 Automotive sector: 9% of plastic waste in EU, recycling rate of automotive plastic: 9% Use of recycled plastics low Hazardous substances (POPs …), information ? Brainstorming on “ ELV tools ” to improve plastic parts reuse/recycling: Full use of ELV information requirements, improve IDIS, best practice commitments … OR: ELV targets (material specific, exclude recovery)? Specific requirements in Annex 1 (…), materia l specific reporting for monitoring of ELV targets (FR)? EPR fee modulation? Idem for recycled content? OR: ? CE 12/2017: Plastic Strategy; Chemicals/waste interface
Critical Raw Materials - CRM in e-cars 11
Key action areas - ELVs in a Circular Economy Increase reuse Quality recycling (separation), increase yield rates and processing efficiencies (improve sorting, develop better pre-and post shredding technologies) Enhance information for recycling Enhance vehicle design (recyclability, disassembling, substitution of materials…) Incentivize & enforce Awareness- raising and information
Towards the future: leading the way with Best Practice • Best Environmental Management Practice for the Car Manufacturing sector • Best Practice: inspiring environmental improvement by showcasing achievements from front runners • Sectoral Reference Document under EMAS, guidance for whole sector • Scope: car manufacturers, suppliers (Tiers 1+), ELV processors • Developed with a working group of industry experts • Technical report published by end 2017
Towards the future: leading the way with Best Practice • A few examples of Best Practices: how frontrunners are leading the way to a Circular Economy • Design for sustainability using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) helps identify improvements and trade-offs between different environmental impacts at design stage, to avoid shifting environmental burdens from one part of the product life cycle to another • Best practices for remanufacturing components helps increase remanufacturing activities and ensure the high quality of remanufactured parts while reducing environmental impacts and scaling up activities to cover more components • Component and material take-back networks extensive collaboration between different industry actors to increase the rate of reuse, recycling and recovery that is economically achievable
"Making the circular economy a reality will however require long-term involvement at all levels, from Member States, regions and cities, to businesses and citizens." Legislation and additional info 15
ELV - Legislative Set-Up • Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of-life vehicles • Commission Decision 2001/753/EC concerning a questionnaire for Member States tri-annual reports on the implementation of Directive 2000/53/EC • Commission Decision 2002/151/EC on minimum requirements for the certificate of destruction • Commission Decision 2003/138/EC establishing component and material coding standards • Commission Directive 2005/64/EU on type-approval of motor vehicles with regards to their reusability, recyclability and recoverability • Commission Decision 2005/293/EC laying down detailed rules on the monitoring of the reuse/recovery and reuse/recycling targets
For more information please visit: • http://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular- economy/index_en.htm • http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/target_review.htm • http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/elv_index.htm • http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/ • waste/data/wastestreams/elvs • Thank you for your attention!
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