Disease Managem ent in No-till W heat System s Bob Hunger Extension W heat Pathologist Oklahom a State University Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Many m ethods are available to m anage w heat diseases Regulatory; quarantine, inspections, etc • Physical; tem perature, radiation, etc • Biological; use one organism to control another • • Genetic; genetic resistance • Cultural ; planting date, crop rotation, tillage/ residue m anagem ent • Chem ical; seed treatm ents to facilitate stand establishm ent & foliar fungicides to help protect existing yield potential Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Disease Control - Genetic Resistance Soilborne m osaic Soilborne m osaic susceptible resistant Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Disease Control – Cultural Planting Date Late planted w heat Early planted w heat – total loss due to w heat streak m osaic & high plains C. Rush, Texas A&M Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
No-till im pacts disease incidence/ severity via increased residue on soil surface that affects pathogen inoculum and/ or alters the soil environm ent ( m oisture/ tem perature) Photo credit: Oklahoma Conservation Commission Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Effect from No-till & I ncreased Residue Tan spot – Septoria – Pow dery m ildew Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Som e Diseases – No or little effect Leaf rust Courtesy Dr. Jeff Edw ards, OkSU WSBM & WSSMV Stripe Loose smut rust Common bunt WSMV Courtesy Guy Padgett, LSU Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
No-till ( high residue) decreases incidence/ severity of som e diseases such as barley yellow dw arf Photo credit: extension.entm .purdue.edu Increased residue is less attractive to aphids that transmit BYDV Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Straw breaker foot/ root rot ( eyespot) is decreased due to residue inhibiting spore dispersal to seedlings Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Dryland root rot is decreased because the soil environm ent becom es m ore cool and m oist Courtesy of Dr. B. Bow den, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS Dryland root rot caused by Fusarium Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
ROOT DI SEASES Sharp eyespot ( Rhizoctonia root rot) and Pythium root rot are increased due to the soil environm ent becom ing m ore cool/ m oist & inoculum is increased Sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia Poor seedling stand due to Pythium root rot
Sharp eyespot ( Rhizoctonia root rot) and Pythium root rot are increased due to the soil environm ent becom ing m ore cool/ m oist & inoculum is increased Sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia Poor seedling stand due to Pythium root rot Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Take-all root rot is increased because the soil environm ent becom es m ore cool/ m oist & inoculum is increased Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Effect of seed treatm ents on ground cover in Oklahom a in 2 0 0 9 9 0 8 0 % Ground cover 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 % GC 4 5 DAP 0 % GC 3 1 DAP % GC 1 4 DAP Drs. Jeff Edw ards & Hunger, OkSU Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Yield response to Raxil and Gaucho seed treatm ents in Oklahom a in 2 0 0 8 Dr. Jeff Edw ards, OkSU 8 0 Yield ( bu/ acre) 6 0 4 0 2 0 Cherokee 2 0 0 8 0 Kingfisher 2 0 0 8 Untreated Raxil Gaucho XT Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Pow dery m ildew , tan spot, and Septoria are increased because inoculum from w heat residue Septoria leaf Powdery mildew blotch Tan spot Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Tan spot severity as affected by m anagem ent practices, cultivars, & fungicide Carignano, et al. 2 0 0 8 . Agron. J. 1 0 0 :1 4 5 -1 5 3 8 0 % tan spot severity 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 No fungicide Fungicide applied 2 1 4 5 = Susceptible Overley = Moderately Resis Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Crop Rotation is helpful w ith No-till • I f do not rotate crops in a no-till system , there likely w ill be problem s over tim e w ith tan spot, septoria, pow dery m ildew , etc • Even w ith rotation, a disease such as Fusarium head blight can occur in a w heat-corn rotation Fusarium head blight (aka scab) Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
W heat-Sorghum Rotation Affects Tan Spot Severity m easure of tan spot severity) 1 6 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 2 0 0 AUDPC 1 0 0 0 8 0 0 6 0 0 No-till 4 0 0 Chisel 2 0 0 0 Plow Bockus & Claassen. 1 9 9 2 . Agron. J. 1 0 0 :1 4 5 -1 5 3 Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
W heat-Sorghum Rotation Affect on Yield 4 0 W heat yield ( bu/ acre) 3 5 3 0 2 5 2 0 1 5 No-till 1 0 Chisel 5 0 Plow Bockus & Claassen. 1 9 9 2 . Agron. J. 1 0 0 :1 4 5 -1 5 3 Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
W heat Foliar Fungicides in Oklahom a ( Not all are yet labeled for use on w heat) PHI A Rate Product ( oz/ A) ( days/ GS) TRI AZOLE Tilt – Syngenta 4 1 0 .5 Generics are Alto – Syngenta 3 .0 -5 .5 3 0 Folicur – Bayer CropScience 4 3 0 available for Prosaro – Bayer CropScience 6 .5 -8 .2 3 0 Tilt and Folicur STROBI LURI N Headline - BASF 6 .0 -9 .0 1 0 .5 Evito – Arysta LifeScience 2 -4 4 0 Aproach – DuPont 6 -1 2 4 5 , 1 4 , 7 / 1 0 .5 straw , hay, forage MI XTURES Quilt - Syngenta 1 4 4 5 / 1 0 .5 This inform ation is provided only as a guide. I t is the Quilt Xcel - Syngenta 1 0 .5 -1 4 3 0 responsibility of the pesticide Stratego – Bayer CropScience 1 0 3 5 applicator by law to read and Stratego YLD – Bayer CropScience 4 3 5 follow all current label Tw inLine – BASF 7 -9 3 0 / 1 0 .5 directions. No endorsem ent is Priaxor – BASF ?? ?? intended for products listed, nor is criticism m eant for products not listed. PYRAZOLE – AMI DE &/ or MI XED Vertisan - DuPont ?? ?? A PHI = pre-harvest interval; num ber of days required betw een last application & harvest
Effect from No-till & I ncreased Residue Tan spot – Septoria – Pow dery m ildew Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 ‐ 744 ‐ 9958 127 Noble Research Ctr Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Oklahoma State University
Split Application of a Fungicide – on spring wheat in North Dakota Dr. Marsha McMullen, North Dakota St. Univ Yield increases of 2-7 bushels IF environment favorable for disease; greater return if have wheat stubble present and the it is a susceptible variety
Split Application of a Fungicide Dr. Marsha McMullen, North Dakota St. Univ 4-5 leaf Stage = Feekes 2 Tillering stage
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