Design and Establishment of Groundwater Monitoring Network in Sri - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Design and Establishment of Groundwater Monitoring Network in Sri Lanka Component – 02 (subcomponent ) Dam Safety and Water Resources Planning Project (DSWRPP) R. R.G.R. Rajapakse (Senior Hydrogeologist) Water Resources Board 18 th Dec 2013

Objectives  Establishment of a long term monitoring network  Systematic monitoring  Determination of hydrogeological and geochemical status  Knowledge dissemination Importance  No established groundwater monitoring network in Sri Lanka  Potential threats and impacts on aquifers are not known  Uses of spatio-temporal hydrogeological & geochemical condition of the aquifers for management practices

Pilot areas Pilot area Issues Bacteriological and Area 1 Extensive Agriculture Area 2 Extensive Agriculture Over extraction of Area 3 water from Agro wells Area 4 Kidney disease Area 5 Industrial pollution Area 6 Salinity Area 7 Extensive Agriculture Area 8 WQ assessment

Desk Study/Literature Survey Methodology Preliminary Awareness Preparation of Base Maps Selection of Initial Monitoring Points Water GWL Sampling Monitoring Shallow Deep Preparation of Aquifer Aquifer DEM Map Groundwater Preparation Flow Direction Maps Dry Wet Dry Wet Laboratory Analysis Interpretations and Establishment of Monitoring Network Data Analysis Water Quality Maps Further Studies for Preparation Consolidation Final Establishment of Monitoring Network

Activities completed in Pilot areas 1. Data collection and base maps preparation

2. Preliminary Awareness Meeting with Jaffna University 1 st Awareness Program - Jaffna A Workshop organized by WRB Preliminary Awareness programs & in collaboration with DSWRPP interim awareness programs conducted & SLWP - Jaffna in each Pilot areas

3. Field Activities a.) In-situ Chemical Testing Assessment of basic groundwater chemistry for selection initial sampling points

- Chemical - Heavy Metal - Bacteriological Upgraded Laboratory Assessment of spatio-temporal water quality maps of the pilot areas

 Spatio-temporal analysis of water chemistry with head variations  Study of head variations with respect to climatic changes

Automated Datalogger Installation High resolution automated groundwater head level monitoring in groundwater sensitive areas

Groundwater Head fluctuations at Gampaha Sand aquifer 0 0.5 1 FCL05985 Water level(mbgl) FCL05988/87 1.5 2 2.5 3 Objective: Assessment of aquifer sensitivity, recharge or discharge behaviors of the aquifer and groundwater trend analysis for forecasting

Interpret the subsurface aquifer formations, hydrogeology & sea water intrusion etc. Karativu Irrakkamam

Study the flow behaviors of the areas in basin levels

Determine the aquifer properties and the sustainability of the aquifers

Study Outputs Gampaha Pilot Area Low pH High NO 3 Water type - Ca/Mg(CO3/HCO3) type

Sea Water encroachment TW0 Wattala Wahatiyagoda 5 TW0 Wattala Parana Ambalama 6 TW0 Katana Ambalammulla 7 TW0 Katana Muruthena 8 TW0 Wattala Wella palliya 9

Puttalam Pilot Area High NO 3 & EC levels High levels of Phosphate

Water Chemistry Na-K-Cl Water type Stiff diagram signatures

Jaffna Pilot Area  Elevated levels of NO 3 and some localities indicated high levels  High potential fresh groundwater bearing zone at Iyyakachchi area

Ampara Pilot Area PO 4 DISTRIBUTION OF AMPARA PILOT AREA – Dry period PO 4 DISTRIBUTION OF AMPARA PILOT AREA – Wet period  Vulnerable areas of high Mn & Cd  High NO 3 levels at Sammanthurai, Central Camp Urbanized Areas  High PO 4 levels 21

Output - Pilot areas Pilot area Identified Issue/information Zone(area) Reason Katana, Biyagama NO 3 pollution Poor sanitation Acidity of water inherited soil characteristics and Katana, Biyagama, Ja-Ela, Gampaha Industrial pollution Gampaha Mn pollution Biyagama, Ja-Ela Industrial pollution? High groundwater potential zones Katana(Ambalammulla) Associates with 2 fault zones Sammanthurai, Irakkamam, Poor sanitation and excessive usage of NO3 pollution Addalachchena, Malwatta, Ninthvur NO3 containing furtilizers country rock weathering Central camp, Addalachchena, F pollution Malwatta, Ninthvur PO4 pollution All over the pilot area Exessive agricultural activities? Ampara Sea water intrution Salinity Chavalakudai, Navithanveli, Geological conditions of the area Navithanveli, Sammanthurai, Mn pollution Deeghawapi Usage of pestisides? Navithanveli, Sammanthurai, Cd pollution Deeghawapi Usage of pestisides? Kebithigollewa, Kahatagasdigiliya, rock weathering / Inherited soil Fl pollution Padawiya, Galenbidunuwewa characteristics Anuradhapura Total alkalinity high hardness Dumping sites at the quartzite ridges No3 pollution some localized areas poor sanitation

Output - Pilot areas (Contd..) Pilot area Identified Issue/information Zone(area) Reason NO 3 pollution Kopai, Thirunalveli, Nallur, Kaithadi excessive agricutural practices Jaffna, Nallur Jaffna No Bacterialogical contamination identified High Salinity Ariyalai sea water intrusion? Fresh groundwater zones Iyakkathchi to Kadeikadu Associates with isolated sand lenses Poor sanitation and excessive Use of NO3 pollution Kalpitiya, Puttalam town area agrochemicals Puttalam PO4 pollution Vanathavillu Excessive agricultural activities High yielding area Aruwakkaru Not yet identified Salinity Aruwakkaru Sea water/ lagoon influence Groundwater depletion should be confirmed through consistant GWL monitoring since no previous records Mathale rock weathering / Inherited soil High Fl Dewahuwa, Digampathaha characteristics

The established long term Groundwater monitoring networks Puttalam Pilot Area Gampaha Pilot Area

The established long term Groundwater monitoring networks Monitoring Network Ampara Pilot Area Badulla Pilot Area

The establish long term Groundwater monitoring network Jaffna Pilot Area A’pura Pilot Area Mathale Pilot Area

Implementation of Monitoring activities The continuous monitoring on the established networks is scheduled for two years period (2014-2015) and this is proposed in the extension phase of DSWRPP.

In progress: Obtaining Accreditation – WRB Laboratory Sl No Activities Months and Weeks - 2013 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Feb March April May June July August Sept Oct 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Preliminary activities 1 a Study & collect necessary information regarding testing Laboratory Accreditation through SLS Accreditation Board in Sri Lanka (SLAB) & b Searching Internet. Submission of 1st Draft application 2 a Collecting the 17021 standard from Sri Lanka Standard Institution. b Collecting and filling an application form & supporting documents (questionnaire, the Laboratory quality manual and associated documents referred in the application & questionnaires). Associated documentation should include Procedures, work instruction, quality records etc.. c Prepare procedure manual. & quality manual according to the guidelines of SLAB. d Organize Laboratory according to the 17025 standard. e Submission of application with necessary documents Submission of 2nd Draft application a Appointment of lead assessor by SLAB to advise to 3 correct the 1st draft if necessary b Correction of 1 st draft and submission to SLAB 4 Submission of 3rd Draft application a Appointment of lead assessor by SLAB to advise to correct the 2nd draft if necessary b Correction of 1 st draft and submission to SLAB 5 Submission of Final application Submission of a fresh application with necessary documents for accreditation certificate Planned Actual SLAB processing time

Follow up Awareness programs The objectives of the programs were to:  Aware the present status of the groundwater resources in the respective areas  Discuss on the issues and solutions for implementing of a mitigatory approach  Formulate an action committee at DSD levels  to aware the grass root level community on the present status of groundwater resources in the study areas  Put directives and guidance towards the farming community to minimize the impact on groundwater while post auditing by WRB through consistent water quality monitoring  During these programs, the awareness posters were distributed among the participants to be displayed at their working place and other public gathering places.

Follow up Awareness programs (Contd..) Groundwater Protection Program - Activity plan 2014 2015 Jul Au Sep Oct NovDec Jan Feb MarApr Ma Jun Jul Au Se Oc No Dec Jan Item Activity 1 Awareness Institutions Public Farmer community 2 Formation of action committees District secretary Divisional secretaries Environmental and planning officers Grama niladari Farmer organizations Water resources Board Agriculture and agrarian 3 Monitoring WRB program 4 Reporting Committee and Progress

Follow up Awareness programs (Contd..) - In progress for conducting grass root level awareness at DSD levels (for farmer community, GN officers, other Institutional officers who engaged with the community in the areas ) - Carried out programs at Anuradhapura, Galenbindunuwewa, Puttalam, Kalpitiya DSDs and Ampara & Jaffna are scheduled in January 2014.