Deer Field Day 15 February 2019 Jeremy Oswald Steve Bethell – Senior Pastoral Agronomist Tasman
Objective To produce high quality venison and velvet, in the most sustainable economic manner possible by maximising animal performance.
Pasture Growth Rates Pasture Growth Rates 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 March April May June July August September October November December January February Marlborough Nelson
Deer feed requirements Deer feed Requirements (Nicol and Barry 2003) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 March April May June July August September October November December January February Hinds Weaners Stags Hinds and Weaners
Pasture Growth rates vs Deer requirements 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 March April May June July August September October December January February Hinds Weaners Stags Hinds and Weaners Marlborough Nelson
Quantity vs Quality The dry matter, metabolisable energy intake and liveweight gain of red deer stags offered diets ranging widely in ME content predicted for 65 kg stags in winter from Webster et al. 2001. ME content of diet (MJ ME/kg DM) 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 ME intake (MJ ME/day) 17.9 18.2 18.5 18.8 18.9 19 Dry matter intake (kg/day) 2.1 2.03 1.95 1.88 1.8 1.73 Liveweight gain (g/day) 122 137 152 167 182 197
Pasture Dryland Ryegrass / White clover DM ME CP NDF % ME/kgDM %DM %DM Pasture Spring 12.0 - 15.0 11.5 - 12.5 20 - 30 35 - 40 Pasture Summer 15.0 - 200 9.5 - 10.5 14 - 22 42 - 45 Pasture Summer Dry 20.0 - 30.0 9.0 - 10.0 9.0 / 14 52 - 65 Pasture , Autumn Winter 13.0 - 18.0 11.0 - 11.5 15 / 20 40 - 47
Silage Silage nutrition value DM ME CP NDF % ME/kgDM %DM %DM Cents per kg / DM Cost per bale Pasture Good 30 - 35 11 1745 - 50 16 Pasture Poor 33 - 50 8.0 / 9 12.0 - 14.0 53 - 57 16 Balage 35 - 45 9.5 - 11 12 - 17.0 50 - 55 28 70 Lucerne Balage 30 - 50 9.0 - 11.0 19 - 23 36 - 48 32 90 Maize 33 - 38 10.8 - 11.0 842 - 45 28 Whole Crop Silage 35 - 40 9.0 - 10.5 8.0 - 9.0 55 -60 25
Hay Hay DM ME CP NDF % ME/kgDM %DM %DM Cents per kg / DM Cost per bale Meadow Hay Good 859.0 - 10.0 15 - 20 50 - 58 27 70 Meadow Hay Poor 857.0 - 8.0 5.0 - 10.0 60 - 70 20 50 Lucerne Hay 858.5 - 11.0 17 - 20 34 - 48 33 85
Concentrate Grains / pulses / By products DM ME CP NDF % ME/kgDM %DM %DM Cents per kg / DM Cost per bale Palm Kennel Exact 90 11 14 70 36 $330 / Tonne Barley 86 - 89 1311.0 - 12.0 16 - 21 45 $400 / Tonne Peas 87 13 24 23 63 $550 / Tonne Maize Grain 87 - 89 13.5 8 9 51 $450 / tonne Brewers Grain 20 - 25 10.520 - 25 55 Kiwifruit (hard) 2012.0 - 12.5 6.0 - 10.0 25 Kiwifruit (Ripe) 1412.0 -12.5 12.0 - 17.0 20 Soy Bean Meal 90 12.547 - 53 15 83 $747.00 Apple Pomace 22 10.5 5.4 41
By products The future of PKE • Industry question – Market access / public perception • Use of more cereals (Barley / Wheat / Maize) • Brewers Grain • Adult Deer – Cereals • Young Deer – Cereals + Brewers Grain / Soy meal (Protein) • Higher quality forages/forage blends specifically grown as crops to harvest for silage, baleage or hay • More winter active forages, dry summer tolerant species
Forage Crops DM ME CP NDF % ME/kgDM %DM %DM Leaf % Bulb / Stem% Cents per kg of DM Kale 17.3 11.2 9.7 28 28.7 71.37.5 - 12 Swede 10.3 13.8 13.7 15.2 25 757.5 - 12 Rape 14.3 12.9 10.8 23.2 67.2 32.88.5 - 12 Turnips 10.1 11.7 14.2 22.5 55.4 44.68.5 - 12 Fodder Beet 12.0 - 19.0 10.0 - 14.0 10.0 - 15.0 25 - 30 20 - 25 75 -80 10 - 17.5 Lucerne 12.0 - 26 10 - 11.5 20 - 24 30 - 50 Red Clover 10.0 - 24 10.0 - 12.0 16.0 - 22 Plantian 10 .0 - 28.0 11.0 - 12.0 23 - 26 23 - 36 Chicory 9.0 - 28.0 11.5 - 13 16 - 27 20 - 28
Brassicas - Kale / Swedes • Spring Sown / Winter Feed • Yield range 10 to 22 tonne of DM • Seed Cost Swedes $40 / ha Kale $80 • Fert 250 kg DAP + 200 kg Urea $350 • Direct Drilling / Cultivation – no short cuts, individual requirements • Spraying, 3 to 4 times $250 to $350 • $950 to $1400 per ha
Brassicas – Rape / Swedes • Autumn / Spring sown – Summer or Winter feed • Yield range 6 to 10 tonne of DM • Seed Cost Turnips $35 / ha Rape $80 / ha • Fert 250 kg DAP + 120 kg Urea $295 • Direct Drilling / Cultivation – no short cuts, individual requirements • Rape multiple graze (upto 3 times) Turnips once • $700 to $1100 per ha
Fodder Beet • Spring Sown / Winter Feed • Yield range 16 to 30 tonne of DM • $1750 to $3400 per ha • Cultivation, precision planted, at least 3 to 5 spray applications • No transition required with deer • Deer do extremely well on beet • Unlike other animals no need for daily shift can be up to a week • Timing and management is critical in the growing phase
Lucerne • Quality high performance Spring Summer Autumn Feed • Perennial legume 7 to 12 years • Deep rooted, like free draining soils • 10 day gut adjustment period • Sound management plan – optimal performance rotation grazing • 5 to 6 paddock / break rotation • A significant platform 1 to 2 paddocks hopeless??? • Ideal dryland plant
Red Clover • High Quality Spring Summer Autumn feed • Handles heavy soils than Lucerne • 3 to 4 year option • Exceptional liveweight growth rates • Sound management plan – optimal performance rotation grazing • 5 to 6 paddock / break rotation • Ideal option under water
Plantain • Winter active Herb • Up to 17 tonne of Dry matter • Handles a range of soil types and environments • High levels of calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and cobalt • Ecotain Plantian – Enviromental benefits • Captain Plantian – Most winter active cultivar on market
Chicory • One of the forages most preferred by deer (Hunt and Hay, 1990) • Perennial tap rooted forage herb • Up to 20 tonne of drymatter • Spring, Summer and autumn active • concentrations of all minerals, except for Ca, are 17 to 48% higher (P< 0.05) in chicory than in plantain
Acknowledgements • Deer Industry NZ • Dairy NZ • Agricom • PGG Wrightson Seeds • Ian Blair
Jeremy Oswald – Marlborough 027 263 9885 Steve Bethell – Senior Pastoral Agronomist Tasman 027 263 9886 Thank You
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