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Databases Picture by Jeremy Hiebert [http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremyhiebert/] Graph Databases Foundations André Santanchè e Patrícia Cavoto Institute of Computing – UNICAMP August 2015

Graph Model

Graph Model Property Graph

Property Graph ▪ (node) node

Property Graph ▪ (node) node node ▫ Nodes can have properties (node { property: value }) property : value

Property Graph ▪ (node) node node ▫ Nodes can have properties (node { property: value }) property : value ▪ (node)-[edge]->(node) edge node node

Property Graph ▪ (node) node node ▫ Nodes can have properties (node { property: value }) property : value ▪ (node)-[edge]->(node) edge node node ▫ Edges can have properties (node)-[edge {property:value}]->(node) edge node node property : value

Plesiosaurus in a Property Graph MNHN A. C. 8592

Plesiosaurus in a Property Graph MNHN A. C. 8592 size : 5 recognized : 1830

Plesiosaurus in a Property Graph Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus is a MNHN A. C. 8592 origin size : 5 country recognized : 1830 England Lyme Regis

LSID Surrogate LSID:123456 label : Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus is a popular@pt-BR : Plesiossauro MNHN A. C. 8592 origin size : 5 country recognized : 1830 England Lyme Regis

URI Identifiers LSID:123456 label : Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus is a popular@pt-BR : Plesiossauro MNHN A. C. 8592 origin size : 5 country recognized : 1830 wiki:England wiki:Lyme_Regis label : England label : Lyme Regis

Property in the origin edge LSID:123456 label : Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus is a popular@pt-BR : Plesiossauro MNHN A. C. 8592 discovered : 1824 origin size : 5 country recognized : 1830 wiki:England wiki:Lyme_Regis label : England label : Lyme Regis

Back to the Property Graph Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus label LSID:123456 popular: pt-BR is a Plesiossauro 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 recognized 1830 origin wiki: Lyme_Regis

Two properties Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus for origin label LSID:123456 popular: pt-BR is a Plesiossauro 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 recognized 1830 origin wiki:Lyme_Regis place discovered 1824

Processing the Query ▪ Process by pattern → 0..*) part of → ▫ Find [species] whose [origin] ( EUA ▪ Process by inference → ▫ Find [species] whose [origin] EUA ▫ Rules: ◦ If (A) origin (B) and (B) part of (C) => (A) origin (C) ◦ If (A) part of (B) and (B) part of (C) => (A) part of (C)

Graph Model RDF Graph

RDF Graph ▪ Triple model: resource, property, value property value resource

RDF Graph ▪ Triple model: resource, property, value property value resource ▪ The value can be another resource property value resource

RDF Graph ▪ Triple model: resource, property, value property value resource ▪ The value can be another resource property value resource ▪ … described by a property,value property property value/resource value resource

Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus in RDF 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 ▪ Triple: <MNHN A. C. 8592>, size, 5

Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus in RDF 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 recognized 1830 ▪ Triple: <MNHN A. C. 8592>, size, 5 ▪ Triple: <MNHN A. C. 8592>, recognized, 1830

Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus in RDF Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus is a 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 recognized 1830 ▪ <MNHN A. C. 8592>, is_a, <Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus>

Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus in RDF Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus is a 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 recognized 1830 origin country England Lyme Regis

Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus label LSID:123456 popular@pt-BR is a Plesiossauro 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 recognized 1830 origin country England Lyme Regis

Identifying by Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus label surrogates and LSID LSID:123456 popular@pt-BR is a Plesiossauro 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 recognized 1830 origin country England Lyme Regis

Identifying Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus label by URIs LSID:123456 popular@pt-BR is a Plesiossauro 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 recognized 1830 Lyme Regis origin label http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Lyme_Regis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ England country

Short URIs Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus label (namespaces) LSID:123456 popular@pt-BR is a Plesiossauro 5 size MNHN A. C. 8592 recognized 1830 Lyme Regis origin label wiki: Lyme_Regis wiki: England country

DBPedia France Country Île-de- Departments France Prefecture Region Region Departments Yvelines Paris

DBPedia (URIs) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Île-de-France_(region) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvelines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris

Triceratops in a Graph MNHN 1912.20 Triceratops horridus Is a Origin Lance Creek EUA Recognized 1889 Size 9

Triceratops in a Graph Triceratops horridus is a 9 size MNHN 1912.20 recognized 1889 origin Lance Creek

Triceratops in a Graph EUA Triceratops horridus part of is a Wyoming 9 size part of MNHN 1912.20 recognized Converse County 1889 part of origin Lance Creek

Tyrannosaurus in a Graph EUA Tyrannosaurus rex part of is a South Dakota 12.3 size part of FMNH PR2081 recognized Cheyenne River 1990 Indian Reservation part of origin Hell Creek

Analyzing in the Space OpenStreetMap

Analyzing in the Space EUA Wyoming South Dakota Converse County Cheyenne River Indian Reservation Hell Creek Lance Creek

Analyzing in the Space EUA Wyoming South Dakota Converse County Cheyenne River Indian Reservation Hell Creek Lance Creek

GeoNames United States http://www.geonames.org/6252001 Triceratops horridus Wyoming is a http://www.geonames.org/5843591 9 size MNHN 1912.20 recognized Niobrara County 1889 http://www.geonames.org/5833446 origin Lance Creek http://www.geonames.org/5829995/

Classes and Properties

Dinosaur Class rdfs:Class rdf:type Dinosaur

Dinosaur Instance rdfs:Class rdf:type Dinosaur rdf:type MNHN 1912.20

Place Class rdfs:Class rdf:type rdf:type Dinosaur Place rdf:type MNHN 1912.20

Place Instance rdfs:Class rdf:type rdf:type Dinosaur Place rdf:type rdf:type MNHN 1912.20 Lance Creek

origin Property rdfs:Property rdfs:Class rdf:type rdf:type rdf:type origin Dinosaur Place rdf:type rdf:type MNHN 1912.20 Lance Creek

origin Property rdfs:domain rdfs:Property rdfs:Class rdf:type rdf:type rdf:type origin Dinosaur Place rdf:type rdf:type MNHN 1912.20 Lance Creek

origin Property rdfs:domain rdfs:Property rdfs:Class rdf:type rdf:type rdf:type origin Dinosaur Place rdf:type rdf:type rdfs:range MNHN 1912.20 Lance Creek

origin Property rdfs:domain rdfs:Property rdfs:Class rdf:type rdf:type rdf:type origin Dinosaur Place rdf:type rdf:type rdfs:range origin MNHN 1912.20 Lance Creek

origin Property rdfs:domain rdfs:Property rdfs:Class rdf:type rdf:type rdf:type origin Dinosaur Place rdf:type rdf:type rdfs:range origin MNHN 1912.20 Lance Creek

Editora Edissauros http://www.x.org/razao_social http://www.edissauros.com.br http://www.x.org/contratado http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher mailto:horacio@paleo.org RDF Graph http://www.x.org/nome http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator Horácio Montéquio a 2 http://www.x.org/edicao http://www.paleo.org/dinos.pdf http://www.x.org/data_publicacao 17/05/2001 http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title Vida dos Dinossauros

André Santanchè http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~santanche

Graph Database Graph as the basic data model of a database

Property Origin of the specimen Label var:origin Detail This descriptor has to be used with great precaution... property var:origin

Using the Property Asia and austral isles Label var:origin taxa:V_bengalensis.html state:asia Detail The specimen CodedDescription is from Asia or the austral islands...

Connected Graph ... var:origin var:origin state:asia taxa:V_bengalensis.html var:origin ...

Origin in GeoNames India var:origin taxa:V_bengalensis.html http://www.geonames.org/1269750/

Geo Tree Asia http://www.geonames.org/6255147/ gn:parentFeature India http://www.geonames.org/1269750/

Hypernode (Jaudete Daltio, 2013)

Agradecimentos ▪ Luiz Celso Gomes Jr (professor desta disciplina em 2014) pela contribuição na disciplina e nos slides.

Licença ▪ Estes slides são concedidos sob uma Licença Creative Commons. Sob as seguintes condições: Atribuição, Uso Não- Comercial e Compartilhamento pela mesma Licença. ▪ Mais detalhes sobre a referida licença Creative Commons veja no link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ ▪ Fotografia de capa e fundos: web-drops por Jeremy Hiebert [ http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremyhiebert/] dispinível em http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremyhiebert/6081389428/