Cyber-Physical Systems: imminent challenges Mar a Victoria - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Cyber-Physical Systems: imminent challenges Mar ´ ıa Victoria Cengarle fortiss joint work with Manfred Broy Eva Geisberger Tech. Univ. Munich fortiss March 20th, 2012 Monterey Workshop ’12

Project goal The project aims at capturing technology trends and innovation po- tential in the context of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in a holistic and systematic fashion, and at the derivation of implications for key research and action areas. By means of crucial application fields the significance is illustrated that CPS have for economy and society. Ul- timate goal of the project is to strengthen and expand Germany’s position in the field of CPS. M. V. Cengarle 2 Monterey Workshop ’12

Project plan Scenarios Characteristics Goals / Requirements Challenges Capabilities Technologies Implications M. V. Cengarle 3 Monterey Workshop ’12

Scenario smart mobility M. V. Cengarle 4 Monterey Workshop ’12

Scenario smart mobility (contd) M. V. Cengarle 5 Monterey Workshop ’12

Scenario smart health M. V. Cengarle 6 Monterey Workshop ’12

Scenario smart health (contd) M. V. Cengarle 7 Monterey Workshop ’12

Scenarios smart mobility and smart health M. V. Cengarle 8 Monterey Workshop ’12

CPS domain structure M. V. Cengarle 9 Monterey Workshop ’12

CPS classification According to social and spatial network structures (topologies): (1) large-scale infrastructure systems and services (controlled area) (2) social infrastructure systems and services (defined area) (3) social application systems and services – including businesses; demarcated area, spanning over diverse domains, open to individual application systems and utilisation processes M. V. Cengarle 10 Monterey Workshop ’12

CPS key drivers Smart embedded systems, mobile services, ubiquitous computing Internet as business web with two complementary forms: – transfer to the “cloud” – networked components (e.g., RFID technology) Semantic Web, techniques of Web 2.0, interactive design of integrated services through – user-defined interaction, configuration of knowledge, integrated services – communities of developers M. V. Cengarle 11 Monterey Workshop ’12

Evolution towards CPS by means of the brake functionality With each stage of evolution increased − user−centric functionality − networking and integration with the context − complexity of possible causal chains − coordination of systems involved context & domain model − human−machine cooperation HMI − diversity of use risks HMI adaptive and interactive action control systems’ cooperation context in open social context human−system cooperation complex context multifunctional and domain model system of systems comprehensive distributed simple physical data analysis for braking support context model also braking remote−controlled active steering and by infrastructure (e.g. by police autonomous control and first responder) automatic braking multifunctional in critical situations embedded system logical causal chains active steering and controlling stability is supported while braking monofunctional embedded system reactive steering and controlling manoeuvrability is preserved while braking basic physical funtionality time 1978 1995 2003 (upcoming) M. V. Cengarle 12 Monterey Workshop ’12

CPS characterisation By CPS, physical and virtual, locally/globally networked systems are fused into systems of systems with dynamically shifting boundaries that are context-adaptive, partially or completely autonomous, and capable of active real-time control, cooperative with each other under distributed, alternating control, and able of comprehensive human-system cooperation. M. V. Cengarle 13 Monterey Workshop ’12

CPS characterisation (contd) CPS include embedded systems, logistics, coordination and manage- ment processes as well as Internet services that, using sensors, directly capture physical data and, through actuators, act on physical processes that are interconnected by means of digital networks, use globally avail- able data and services, and have multimodal human-system interfaces. CPS are open socio-technical systems that provide a range of new functionalities, services and features which go far beyond the current capabilities of embedded systems with controlled behaviour. M. V. Cengarle 14 Monterey Workshop ’12

CPS capabilities CPS are required to be • x-aware and assimilable to their physical/social context, • capable of learning and adaptable, • transparent, equipped with predictable human-machine interaction, • reliable, cooperative, strategic, • subject to risk, target and quality analysis as well as QoS assurance. M. V. Cengarle 15 Monterey Workshop ’12

CPS detailed capabilities (1) Cyber -physical sensor and (2) Systems of systems (SOS), (3) Context-adaptive and (4) Cooperative systems with (5) Comprehensive human- Central abilities and non- actuators technology, virtual, controlled network with dynamic (partially) autonomous systems distributed, alternating control system cooperation functional requirements, quality locally/ globally networked, with boundaries in use, quality of service (QoS) real-time management  Parallel acquisition (through  Interpretation of data from  Extensive, continuous context  Distributed, cooperative and  Intuitive, multimodal, active Required capabilities  “ X” awareness (correct sensors), fusion, processing of context and situation over awareness interactive perception and and passive HM I support  Continual collection, physical data from the several levels, depending on evaluation of the situation (simplified control) perception and interpretation  Distributed, cooperative and  Support of a further (time and local/ global environment in application situations observation, selection, of)  Targeted selection, real time (physical awareness) o situation and context processing, evaluation, interactive determination of space) and enlarged  Interpretation of the situation incorporation, coordination and communication of context the steps to be carried out— perception, capacity to act for o self, third party, and human use of services — (state, objectives, w.r.t. the goal achievement and depending on data, situation data and depending on the evaluation of individual and several persons job completion of the CPS application data (often in real the situation, of the objectives (groups) intentions, ability to act) situation, local and global  Acquisition, interpretation,  Recognition and interpretation  Learning and adaption time) of individual participants and of objective, and behaviour  Targeted adaptation of the  Service composition and deduction, prediction of faults, the objectives of the of human behaviour including (behaviour)  Self-organisation community including these obstacles, risks interaction, coordination, feelings, needs and intentions integration, decentralised  Interaction, integration, rules  Acquisition and evaluation of  Cooperation, negotiation and control with/ of other systems participants (local vs. global controls: recognition of missing and control of CPS components and services objectives) state and context of human decision-making (within precise services, data and functions,  Recognition, analysis and  In doing so, coordinated and functions and active search and dynamic and system (extension of boundaries—compliance)  Globally distributed, networked  Decisions with uncertain interpretation of plans and estimation and negotiation of perception and of evaluation incorporation of them  Evaluation of components and the decision ultimately taken real-time control intentions of systems and skills) knowledge  Integrated and interactive  Policy-making and, if participating users (i.e. own and shared control services to be incorporated  M odel creation for application and decision-making decision making and action of applicable, compliance with regarding use and quality autonomy) required for the application field, application domain, systems and individual persons QoS guarantees  Decision with uncertain  Comprehensive safety and available services, tasks, and or multitudes (QoS, overall quality) as well as  Ability to learn knowledge possible risks participants incl. their roles, security policies  Cooperative learning and  Reliability and compliance  Transparent HM I, shared objectives and requirements  Assessment of objectives and adaptation to situations and w.r.t. guaranteed QoS control & integrated situation  Controlled access to system’s steps to achieve them, taking needs evaluation and predictable  Estimation of the quality of into consideration alternatives own data and services action  Risk management concerning costs and risks own and external services and  Self-awareness in terms of  Proactive, strategic and reliable abilities  Coordinated processing of mass knowledge about own action  Privacy protection situation, status and options for data action  Learning of e.g. modified work processes, logistics, habits, interaction, etc., and corresponding behaviour adaption  Self-organisation  increasing openness, complexity, autonomy, “ smartness” and evolution of the systems (with disruptive effects in the fields of application)  M. V. Cengarle 16 Monterey Workshop ’12