CS 730/730W/830: Intro AI Prof. Wheeler Ruml, Kingsbury W233 (esp ?) What is AI? This class Matt Hatem, Kingsbury W236 (esp Fri 2–4pm) Agents “Thinking inside the box.” 4 handouts: course info, schedule, slides, asst 1 Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 1 / 20
What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ AI Today This class Agents What is AI? Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 2 / 20
My Definition of AI What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ AI Today This class Agents Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 3 / 20
What is Intelligence? What behaviors require intelligence? What is AI? What makes an agent intelligent? ■ My Definition ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ AI Today This class Agents Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 4 / 20
Different Goals in AI Cognitive modeling: behaves like a human What is AI? Engineering: achieve human performance ■ My Definition ■ Intelligence Rational: behaves perfectly, normative ■ The Goal ■ AI Today Bounded-rational: behaves as well as possible This class Subfields: knowledge representation and reasoning, computer Agents problem-solving, planning, machine learning, natural language processing, (autonomous) robotics, intelligent agents, multi-agent systems, distributed AI, intelligent user interfaces, machine vision Other terms: computational intelligence Related: adaptive behavior, complex adaptive systems, artificial life, cognitive modeling Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 5 / 20
AI Today Game playing: chess, checkers, backgammon, othello, ■ What is AI? crosswords ■ My Definition ■ Intelligence Design: VLSI, jet engines ■ ■ The Goal ■ AI Today Diagnosis: POS, NASD, loans, customer service, Windows, ■ This class medical testing and classification, DS1 Agents Planning: airports, flight routes, Dell, DART, Orbitz ■ Learning: Amazon, Netflix, Walmart ■ Robotics: somersaults, ping-pong, devil sticks, cleaning ■ Language: voice recognition, translation (Iraq, doctors) ■ Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 6 / 20
AI Today What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ AI Today This class Agents Cf. logistics (DARPA, Ascent), autonomic computing (IBM, HP, Sun) Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 7 / 20
What is AI? This class ■ Relations ■ Contents ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Agents This class Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 8 / 20
Relations CS: algorithms ■ What is AI? Engineering: applications ■ This class ■ Relations Cognitive psychology: modeling ■ ■ Contents Philosophy: mind, rationality ■ ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Math: logic ■ Agents Linguistics: language processing ■ Operations research: optimization ■ Economics: agents ■ Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 20
Contents This particular pattern of molecules known as a ’human being’ What is AI? has evolved an amazing depth of consciousness: an ability to This class ■ Relations internally model the reality beyond the senses, to imagine futures ■ Contents that have never happened, to use language, to use rationality to ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics build and test theories about our universe, to become self-aware. Agents —Jeff Lieberman (artist, roboticist) Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 10 / 20
Schedule 1. problem-solving (3 weeks): vacuum robot planner What is AI? 2. logic (3 weeks): theorem prover This class ■ Relations 3. planning (3 weeks): planner ■ Contents 4. learning (3 weeks): reinforcement learning agent, ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics handwriting recognizer Agents 5. probabilistic reasoning (2 weeks) Formalisms: 1. combinatorial search 2. propositional logic 3. first-order logic 4. Markov decision processes 5. hidden Markov models 6. Bayesian networks (graphical models) Not: NLP, vision, robotics, cognitive modeling, philosophy Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 11 / 20
Course Mechanics General information ■ What is AI? Schedule ■ This class ■ Relations Asst 1 ■ ■ Contents ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Agents Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 12 / 20
What is AI? This class Agents ■ Agent Designs ■ Examples ■ Environments ■ Cognitive Science ■ AI in 1 line ■ A Search Space Agents and Environments ■ EOLQs Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 13 / 20
Agent Designs Reflex: sensors → effectors What is AI? Reflex with state: sensors + state → effectors + new state This class Goal-based: reason from goals to means Agents ■ Agent Designs Utility-based: use quantitative measure of happiness ■ Examples ■ Environments ■ Cognitive Science ■ AI in 1 line ■ A Search Space ■ EOLQs Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 14 / 20
What kind of agent? 1. Thermostat What is AI? 2. DART military logistics planner This class 3. Mail delivery robot Agents ■ Agent Designs 4. Medical diagnosis system ■ Examples 5. Eliza ■ Environments ■ Cognitive Science ■ AI in 1 line ■ A Search Space ■ EOLQs Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 15 / 20
Environments Observability: complete, partial, hidden What is AI? Predictability: deterministic, strategic, stochastic This class Interaction: episodic, sequential Agents ■ Agent Designs Time: static, dynamic ■ Examples State: discrete, continuous (also time, percepts, and actions) ■ Environments ■ Cognitive Science Agents: single, multiagent (competitive, cooperative) ■ AI in 1 line ■ A Search Space ■ EOLQs Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 16 / 20
Cognitive Science The ability to think is perhaps the most distinctive of human What is AI? capacities. Typically, thinking involves mentally representing This class some aspects of the world (including aspects of ourselves) and Agents ■ Agent Designs manipulating these representations or beliefs so as to yield new ■ Examples beliefs, where the latter may aid in accomplishing a goal. ■ Environments ■ Cognitive Science —Edward E. Smith (Psychology, U Michigan) ■ AI in 1 line ■ A Search Space ■ EOLQs The ability to solve problems is one of the most important manifestations of human thinking. ... We might therefore suspect that problem solving depends on general cognitive abilities that can potentially be applied to an essentially unlimited range of domains. —Keith Holyoak (Psychology, UCLA) Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 17 / 20
The Core Symbiosis Management of possibilities ■ What is AI? This class order of search, evaluation ◆ Agents Representation of knowledge ■ ■ Agent Designs ■ Examples ◆ facts, situations, dependencies, consequences ■ Environments ■ Cognitive Science ■ AI in 1 line ■ A Search Space ■ EOLQs Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 18 / 20
A Search Space What is AI? This class Agents ■ Agent Designs ■ Examples ■ Environments ■ Cognitive Science ■ AI in 1 line ■ A Search Space ■ EOLQs Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 19 / 20
EOLQs Please write down the most pressing question you have about What is AI? the course material covered so far and hand it to a member of This class the teaching staff on your way out. Agents ■ Agent Designs Thanks! ■ Examples ■ Environments ■ Cognitive Science ■ AI in 1 line ■ A Search Space ■ EOLQs Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 20 / 20
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