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Dark matter search with NaI(Tl) crystals COSINE-100 experiment Hyun Su Lee Center for Underground Physics (CUP) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) On behalf of the COSINE-100 Collaboration Revealing the history of the universe with underground

  1. Dark matter search with NaI(Tl) crystals COSINE-100 experiment Hyun Su Lee Center for Underground Physics (CUP) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) On behalf of the COSINE-100 Collaboration Revealing the history of the universe with underground particle and nuclear research March 8, 2019 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  2. Motivation DAMA/LIBRA experiment โ€ข Annual Modulation Searches with an array of NaI(Tl) crystals Claimed an observation of the dark matter ๐Ÿ˜. ๐Ÿ’ ๐‰ significance Eur Eur. Phy hys. J. J. C 73: 73:2648 (2013) Clear Modulation at 2-4keV DAMA/LIBRA phase 1 1.33 ton-year 2 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  3. Motivation DAMA/LIBRA experiment โ€ข Annual Modulation Searches with an array of NaI(Tl) crystals Claimed an observation of the dark matter ๐Ÿ˜. ๐Ÿ’ ๐‰ significance Eur Eur. Phy hys. J. J. C 73: 73:2648 (2013) Clear Modulation at 2-4keV DAMA/LIBRA phase 1 1.33 ton-year 3 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  4. Motivation DAMA/LIBRA experiment โ€ข Annual Modulation Searches with an array of NaI(Tl) crystals Claimed an observation of the dark matter ๐Ÿ˜. ๐Ÿ’ ๐‰ signaficance Nucl. Phys. At. Energy 19, 307 (2018) arXiv:1805.10486 Eur. Phy Eur hys. J. J. C 73: 73:2648 (2013) Clear Modulation at 2-4keV DAMA/LIBRA phase 1 1.33 ton-year 4 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  5. DAMA/LIBRA-phase2 โ€ข Energy threshold reached Energy spectrum at ROI 1keV with better PMTs โ€ข Still there is modulation 1 keV energy threshold โ€ข Significance ๏ถ 1-6 keV : ๐Ÿ˜. ๐Ÿ” ๐‰ (phase 2) ๏ถ 2-6 keV : 12.9 ๐‰ (phase 1+2) arXiv:1805.10486 โ€ข Increased modulation amplitude below 2keV Modulation amplitude 5 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  6. Global NaI(Tl) efforts COSINUS @ LNGS DAMA @ LNGS KIMS/COSINE @ Yangyang SABRE @ LNGS PICO-LON ANAIS @ Kamioka @Canfranc SABRE @ Stawell DM-Ice @ South Pole 6 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  7. ANAIS-112 M. Sarsa โ€ข 3x3 matrix of 12.5 kg cylindrical modules = 112.5 kg โ€ข All crystals built from Alpha Spectra Co (US) with selected powder and specific radiopurity protocols โ€ข Two Hamamatsu R12669SEL PMTs โ€ข High light yields :13~16 photoelectrons/keV (DAMA 5-10) โ€ข Taking physics data since Aug. 2017 at Canfranc (Spain) 7 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  8. ANAIS-112 arXiv:1812.01472 Signal Noise 1 keV energy threshold!! โ€ข 2~5 counts/keV/kg/day (dru) background @ 2keV ๏ถ DAMA ~ 1 dru 8 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  9. ANAIS-112 : Sensitivity of 5 years operation arXiv:1812.02000 2-6 keV 1-6 keV 1-6 keV 9 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  10. PICO-LON โ€ข Development of low-background NaI(Tl) crystals in Japan A. Kozlov @ VCI 2019 10 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  11. PICO-LON : Background A. Kozlov @ VCI 2019 Kamioka 11 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  12. SABRE S. Copello@ NDM2018 4โ€(D) X 8โ€(H) ingot 12 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  13. SABRE-PoP (Proof of Principle) Astropart. Phys. 106, 1 (2019) Simulation โ€ข Test setup (PoP) is ready in LNGS โ€ข Expected background level ~0.36 dru (2-6 keV) based on Geant4 MC simulation 13 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  14. COSINUS โ€ข Simultaneous measurement of photon and phonon using pure NaI crystals (low temperature detector) ๏ถ Nuclear recoil can be identified almost perfectly arXiv:1711.01482 โ€ข Performing test measurements of pure NaI crystals using CRESST cryostat @ LNGS 14 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  15. KIMS NaI(Tl) crystals : Background Pulse shape discrimination for understanding and rejection nuclear recoil separation arXiv:1806.06499 JHEP 08, 93 (2015) Astropart. Phys. 62, 249 (2015) Astropart. Phys. 102, 51 (2018) EPJC 76, 185 (2016) Astropart. Phys. 108, 50 (2019) EPJC 77, 437 (2017) NIMA, 851 (2017) 103 15 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  16. DM-Ice17 โ€ข DM-Ice17 in South pole (Jun.2011 โ€“ Jan.2015) Two 8.47 kg crystals 2200 m.w.e overburden Proof of principle of From R. Maruyama south pole experiment PRD 90 092005 (2014) PRD 93 042001 (2016) PRD 95 032006 (2017) 16 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  17. COSINE project (Since 2015) KIMS and DM-Ice joint effort to search for dark matter interactions in NaI(Tl) scintillating crystals. (Goal to test DAMA/LIBRA experiment ) 5 countries, 14 institutes, ~50 members + = 17 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  18. YangYang(Y2L) Underground Laboratory Underground Laboratory (Upper Dam) YangYang Pumped Storage Power Plant Center for Underground Physics Y2L Y2L IBS (Institute for Basic Science) Seoul Seoul 1000m Since 2014 IBS 700m RENO NEOS (Power Plant) Since 2003 (Lower Dam) KIMS/COSINE (Dark Matter Search) AMoRE (Double Beta Decay Experiment) Minimum depth : 700 m / Access to the lab by car (~2km) 18 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  19. COSINE-100 construction 19 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  20. COSINE-100 detectors Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 107 Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 490 JINST 13 (2018) P09006 JINST 13 (2018) T02007 JINST 13 (2018) T06005 Physics run since Sept/2016 20 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  21. COSINE-100 shield 2200 L liquid scintillator 21 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  22. COSINE-100 shield 2200 L liquid scintillator ~80% veto efficiency of 3keV x-ray 22 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  23. COSINE-100 operation COSINE-100 exposure Calibration Annual Modulation analysis July/17 (2018) Dec/18 (2016) 1ยบC First physics analysis Sep/30 (2016) โ€ข Stable physics run ๏ถ >90% physics data ๏ถ >95% good runs โ€ข Operating more than 2.5 years 23 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  24. Slow monitoring > 200 parameters are monitored 24 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  25. COSINE-100 NaI(Tl) crystals 8 crystals, 106 kg in total Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  26. COSINE-100 NaI(Tl) crystals Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 107 โ€ข 8 crystals, total 106 kg โ€ข Different quality crystals from crystal R&D with Alpha Spectra (US) โ€ข For best cases, U/Th/K are lower than DAMA โ€ข Total alphas (~ 210 Pb) are higher than DAMA 26 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  27. Fast (mostly PMT induced) event rejection Charge Ratio (DAMA noise rejection parameter) Noise Noise Signal Signal Signal Charge Asymmetry Average cluster charge Signal Signal Noise Noise Noise Astropart. Phys. 62 (2015) 249 Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 107 โ€ข Charge ratio (DAMA cut) is effective to reject fast noise but, it is not enough to remove all the noise!! 27 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  28. Pure electron recoil samples โ€ข Two weeks long 60 Co calibration data ๏ถ Used to model scintillating events ๏ถ Used to estimate signal efficiency 2 keV threshold 2 keV threshold 28 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

  29. Machine learning to remove PMT induced noise Discrimination ๐๐๐๐ฏ๐ง๐ฏ๐ฆ๐›๐ฎ๐Ÿ๐ž ๐ฑ๐›๐ฐ๐Ÿ๐ ๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ง๐ญ parameters ๐œธ/๐œน a) 0.008 scintillation b g / scintillation signal 0.006 (calibration) Scintillation arb. count 0.004 0.002 0 Noise - 200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Time from trigger (ns) machine learning b) 0.008 PMT noise (fast decay) 0.006 PMT noise arb. count (fast decay) 0.004 0.002 0 - 200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Time from trigger (ns) Machine learning (BDT) is more effective at low energy 29 Hyun Su Lee, Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

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