Construction Safety Orders TITLE 8: Division 1, Chapter 4, Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders. Article 15. Cranes and Derricks in Construction Section 1610 – 1619 Effective July 7, 2011
What is Construction? (1502) • These Orders establish minimum safety standards whenever employment exists in connection with the construction, alteration, painting, repairing, construction maintenance, renovation, removal, or wrecking of any fixed structure or its parts. • Machines, equipment, processes, and operations not specifically covered by these Orders shall be governed by other applicable general Safety Orders.
What is Construction? • Landscaping? Tree work? No. Fountains and other structures? Yes • Petroleum drilling and refining • Mining and Tunneling(Underground Construction) • Manufacturing • Work on high voltage lines
Table of Contents • Scope – 1610.1 • Design Standards – 1610.2 • Definition – 1616.3 • Design, Construction and Testing – 1610.4 • Ground Conditions – 1610.5 • Equipment Modifications – 1610.6 • Fall Protection – 1610.7 • Equipment less than 2000 lbs rated capacity – 1610.8 • Equipment over 3 tons rated capacity – 1610.9 • Assembly/Disassembly – 1611 • Power Line Safety – 1612 • Inspections - 1613 • Wire Rope Selection and Installation Criteria – 1614 • Safety Devices – 1615 • Operations – 1616 • Signals – 1617 • Qualification and Training -1618 • Supplemental Requirements(tower cranes, derricks, floating barges, overhead cranes, pile drivers) – 1619
What is a Crane? California defines it as…A machine for lifting or lowering a load and moving it horizontally, in which the hoisting mechanism is an integral part of the machine.
EXAMPLES LIST • Dedicated pile drivers • Articulating cranes (such as • knuckle-boom cranes) Service/mechanic trucks with a • hoisting device Crawler cranes • • Crane on a monorail Floating cranes • • Tower cranes (such as fixed jib Cranes on barges (“hammerhead boom”), luffing • Locomotive cranes boom and self-erecting) • Mobile cranes • Pedestal cranes (such as wheel-mounted, rough- • Portal cranes terrain, all-terrain, commercial • Overhead and gantry cranes truck-mounted, and boom truck cranes) • Straddle cranes • Multi-purpose machines • Sideboom cranes when configured to hoist and • Derricks lower (by means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load . . . and variations of such • Industrial cranes (such as equipment . carry-deck cranes)
What is excluded? • (1) Machinery included in subsection (a) while it has been converted or adapted for a non-hoisting/lifting use. Such conversions/ adaptations include, but are not limited to, power shovels, excavators and concrete pumps. • (2) Power shovels, excavators, wheel loaders, backhoes, loader backhoes, track loaders. This machinery is also excluded when used with chains, slings or other rigging to lift suspended loads. • (3) Automotive wreckers and tow trucks when used to clear wrecks and haul vehicles.
What is excluded(cont.)? • (4) Digger derricks when used for augering holes for poles carrying electric and telecommunication lines, placing and removing the poles, and for handling associated materials to be installed on or removed from the poles. • (A) Digger derricks used in work subject to the Electrical Safety Orders shall comply with Section 2940.7 of those Safety Orders. • (B) Digger derricks used in construction work for telecommunication service (as defined in the Telecommunication Safety Orders) shall comply with those Safety Orders.
What is excluded(cont)? • (5) Machinery originally designed as vehicle-mounted aerial devices (for lifting personnel) and self-propelled elevating work platforms. • (6) Telescopic/hydraulic gantry systems. • (7) Stacker cranes. • (8) Powered industrial trucks (forklifts), except when configured to hoist and lower (by means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load. • (9) Mechanic’s truck with a hoisting device when used in activities related to equipment maintenance and repair. • (10) Machinery that hoists by using a come-a-long or chainfall.
What is excluded(cont)? (8) Powered industrial trucks (forklifts), except when configured to hoist and lower (by means of a winch or hook hoist) and horizontally move a suspended load. “A forklift with a boom attachment affixed to its forks that uses a hook to raise and lower the load like a crane would be covered by subpart CC. However, as noted in the preamble to the proposed rule, a forklift would be excluded from the coverage of subpart CC when its sole means of suspending a load is a chain wrapped around the forks.”— Federal Register
What is excluded(cont)? • (11) Dedicated drilling rigs. • (12) Gin poles when used for the erection of communication towers. • (13) Anchor handling or dredge related operations with a vessel or barge using an affixed A-frame. • (14) Roustabouts. • (15) Helicopter cranes.
Rationale: Scope of Rule Crane Operation Fatalities * Struck by load 22 (4%) Electrocution 198 (39%) Manlift Accidents 21 (4%) Assembly/disassembly 58 (12%) Boom buckle/collapse 41 (8%) Work in swing radius 17 (3%) Crane upset/overturn 37 (7%) Two-blocking 11 (2%) Rigging failure 36 (7%) Hoist limitations 7 (1%) Overloading 22 (4% ) Other causes 32 (6%) * Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 152 / Monday, August 9, 2010
• Most Frequent Causes: All Crane Types (N-158) & Mobile Cranes (N-115) All Crane Mobile Cranes Types 1. Instability 67 49 a. Unsecured Load 34 6 b. Load Capacity 0 29 Exceeded c. Ground not level/too 0 4 soft 2. Lack of 32 24 Communication 3. Electrical Contact 13 10 4. Misc. in 14 Categories 46 32
POWER LINES
POWER LINE SAFETY Identify Work Zone Work Zone = Marking boundaries ( flags, range limit device or range control warning device) or Defining the work zone as 360 degrees around crane up to maximum working radius
Two ways of identifying work zone First, if the equipment (crane, load, load line, or rigging) could not get closer than 20 feet to the line even if the crane is operated at its maximum working radius, the 20-foot requirement is satisfied.
Two ways of identifying work zone (cont.) Alternatively, you may establish a work zone by establishing boundaries (using flags or a device such as a range limit device or range control warning device) that are more than 20 feet from the power line and prohibiting the operator from operating the equipment past those boundaries.
350 KV or less Determine if any part of the equipment, load line or load (including rigging and lifting accessories), if operated up to the equipment’s maximum working radius in the work zone, could get closer than 20 feet to a power line.
Could the crane get within 20 feet of power line? YES NO Option #1 Deenergize & Ground No further Encroachment action Prevention Measures Option #2 (Equipment Operations) 20-foot clearance • Planning meeting • If tag lines used Non-conductive Option #3 • Elevated warning lines, barricade Ask Utility for or line of signs Voltage and Use Table A • PLUS (Choose one): ( with minimum • Spotter, warning device, or range clearance distance) limiter. (Proximity Device and Insulating link not an option in California)
TABLE A — California Voltage Minimum clearance (nominal, kV, distance alternating current) (feet) up to 50 10 over 50 to 175 15 over 175 to 350 20 over 350 to 550 27 over 550 to 1,000 45 (as established by the utility over 1,000 owner/operator or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution).
TABLE A — California New CSO Article 15 Table A Existing HVESO §2946 Table 2 Nominal voltage Minimum Voltage Minimum Required (nominal, kV, clearance distance alternating current) (feet) (Phase to Phase) Clearance (Feet) 600..... 50,000 10 up to 50 10 over 50,000.... 75,000 11 over 50 to 175 15 over 75,000... 125,000 13 over 175 to 350 20 over 125,000.. 175,000 15 over 350 to 550 27 over 175,000.. 250,000 17 over 250,000.. 370,000 21 over 550 to 1,000 45 over 370,000.. 550,000 27 over 1,000 (as established over 550,000 1,000,000 42
Power lines • 20 foot rule (350 KV or less) • 10 foot rule • 50 foot rule (more than 350 KV)
General rules • Power lines presumed energized • The employer shall train each operator and crew member • Operations below power lines prohibited…unless you have to, then it is allowed
Voltage over 350 KV Replace 20 foot with 50 foot For power lines over 1000 kV, the minimum clearance distance shall be established by the utility owner/operator or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution
Work Over Power Line • The new standard does not address work over power lines • Title 8 CCR 2946 prohibits it • What about DC?
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