Conjoint Approach to Water & Sanitation in the State of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Conjoint Approach to Water & Sanitation in the State of Uttarakhand Ms. Sowjanya, Project Director Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Project, Department of Drinking Water, Government of Uttarakhand 1

Overview  Name of session: Breakout Session 1  Title of presentation: Case Study: Conjoint Approach to Water & Sanitation in the State of Uttarakhand  Name of presenter with organisation details: Ms. Sowjanya, Project Director, Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Project, Department of Drinking Water, Govt. of Uttarakhand  email ID : pmu_uttaranchal@rediffmail.com 2

Sanitation Coverage 100 92 85 90 75 80 65 70 55 60 47 % 50 41 36 40 32 29 30 20 10 0 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-1 0 201 0-1 1 201 1 -1 2 201 2-1 3  The above % is on the basis of 2001 Census  Integrated delivery of RWSS w.e.f. 2006-2007

Trend of NGP Award 600 525 500 462 418 400 Numbers 282 300 200 122 100 13 0 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Summary Challenges for scaling up : Reaching the Unreached  Dependency on public water supply systems  Inhospitable terrain; Scattered population ; Not enough land  Frequent land slides ; Short working season. ; Weak capacity of GPs Key Factors for Success:  Decentralized institutional arrangement  Integrated Approach to Water Supply & Sanitation  Intensive IEC campaign  Community involvement at all stages  Use of NGO to strengthen the capacity of the GP  Capacity building at all level in view of the changing roles and responsibilities induced by the decentralized process 5

Discussion Points 1. Decentralized institutional arrangement:  The sanitation strategy is strictly premised on the principle of ‘subsidiarity’ .  The habitation is the focal point for all activities rather than revenue village or the Gram Panchayat.  PRIs and local communities plan, procure, construct, operate and maintain RWSS facilities  Users Water & Sanitation Sub Committee is the primary management unit exercising control over resources & decision making. 6

Discussion Points 2. Integrated Approach to Water Supply & Sanitation  The water supply schemes are integrated with household and village environmental sanitation programs, solid waste management, and health and hygiene awareness promotion programs for maximizing the health benefits to the rural communities.  Availability of water at the village level, reliable and functioning water supply system is a key for sustainable usage of sanitation facilities. 7

Discussion Points 3. Intensive IEC  Intensive IEC for awareness creation and demand generation for sanitation facilities.  Motivating communities & GPs promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness and healthy education.  Focus on women stakeholders.  Use of participatory tools  General messages and information on disease transmission.  Fear of attack from wild animals/potential molestations are important triggers for demand generation. 8

Discussion Points 4. Use of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Tools  PRA process is used to help rural communities to organize their knowledge, identify and prioritize local development needs, and develop along term action plans.  The advantage of PRA includes;  full participation of communities right from the start,  plans reflect a field reality,  establishment of good working relationships and  communication lines between authorities and the 9 community.

Healthy Home Survey  A set of self monitoring tools developed and used by the community to monitor its own sanitation status develop follow up action plan on areas needing attention. The steps include: -  Developing the indicators in three groups personal hygiene, domestic hygiene and environmental sanitation.  Data collection through secret balloting, survey of houses and village area.  Discussion of the results in a community wide meeting.  Based on above preparing action plan for the next quarter and setting targets for achievement.

Healthy Home Survey

Monitoring and performance tracking  The online Sector Information System (SIS) has helped in timely analysis and aggregation of data at various level to track progress, process quality and sustainability.  This system has led to reduction and time and efforts made in generating various information required at various levels.  This has also led to transparency in the implementation of the RWSS.  The URL http://swajalsis.uk.gov.in is in public domain and can be viewed by any one without password.  The SIS has helped in tracking the progress of each and every aspect of RWSS scheme at any point of time leading to good example of good governance

Monitoring and performance tracking

Challenges for scaling up:  Non availability of water supply in remotely located habitations.  Thin population density per Sq/Km.  Inhospitable terrain;  Short working season due to frequent landslides;  Temperature below freezing point in high mountain areas during winter and  Weak capacity of GPs.  Weak financial & technical capacity of contractors for execution of turn key works. 14

Key Success Factors  The project is strictly premised on the principle of ‘subsidiarity’ viz., that a particular decision/activity is made/ takes place at the lowest most appropriate level.  Accordingly, the habitation is the focal point for planning, implementation, operation & maintenance of the water supply scheme, rather than revenue village or the Gram Panchayat (GP).  UWSSCs is the primary management units exercising control over resources & decision making.  The project makes extensive use of existing government systems for funds flow, financial control & financial reporting.  The state has transferred the control of ‘funds, functions and functionaries’ down to the lowest rung of the local governance infrastructure - Gram Panchayats - transforming the way rural water supply infrastructure is created and managed in the state. 15

Key Success Factors  Dedicated team of motivators and volunteers  Integrated delivery of water supply services: The water supply schemes are integrated with catchment area programs, household and village environmental sanitation programs, solid waste management and health and hygiene awareness promotion programs, in order to maximize water supply and health benefits to the communities.  Implementation in integrated manner through coordination of concerned line departments like ICDS, Health, Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, Watershed, Education, Jal Nigam, Jal Sansthan and Ajeevika Pariyojana.  Effective communication with the communities one of the single biggest reason for scaling up 16

Key Success Factors  Habitation as unit of planning: The habitation is the focal point for planning, implementation, operation & maintenance of the water supply scheme, rather than revenue village or the Gram Panchayat (GP).  Capacity building of all stakeholders: Special training programs have been developed and implemented through the local training institutions to sensitize the state, district and village stakeholders and functionaries regarding the sanitation program  Information, Education, and Communications (IEC): IEC activities through workshops, cross-visits, competitions, IEC stalls, TV programs, etc. A couple of short documentary films have been prepared on the good practices currently being implemented under the project. A quarterly newsletter- ‘Swajal Samachar’ is regularly published for dissemination of project philosophies and principles as well as experience sharing and lessons learnt. 17

Recommendations for Next steps/what should be done  Management of communities expectations through negotiation and communication for achieving sustainable sanitation goals.  Leaderships are vital. This needs to be carefully nurtured, especially at local level.  Investment in addressing changes from early childhood, especially through Aganwadi and schools are effective, but require quality inputs in both software and hardware.  Legislation & regulations are needed to ensure that the costs of community water supply and sanitation are recovered from all water source users.  Recognition that mere construction of toilets does not guarantee usage nor results in improved hygiene & 18 sanitation.

Recommendations for Next steps  Dissemination of success stories through exposure visits.  Communication management should be planned to communicate most effectively and efficiently with village specific communities  Use of a flexible interpersonal style suiting to audience.  Political and cultural awareness. The skillful use of politics can help in scaling up.  Decentralized delivery of RWSS is need of the hour.  Emphasizing sanitation as an economic stimulus.  Involving and activating of PRIs in sanitation campaigns  Provision of bathing facility with a toilet encourages women in particular and is a significant trigger for better sanitation outcomes.  Meaningful collaboration with NGOs for capacity building 19 and community mobilization.

IHHL, School & Community Toilets 20

Solid Liquid Waste Management 21

Thank you E mail ID: pmu_uttaranchal@rediffmail.com 22 Phone No. 0135/2733380