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Concepts as Hubs in the Web of Data Thomas Baker Dublin Core Metadata Initiative International UDC Seminar 2011 The Hague, 19 September 2011 This talk The Web: managed space of globally unique identifiers Uniform Resource Identifiers


  1. Concepts as Hubs in the Web of Data Thomas Baker Dublin Core Metadata Initiative International UDC Seminar 2011 The Hague, 19 September 2011

  2. This talk • The Web: managed space of globally unique identifiers – Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) – Resolvable to globally distributed resources – Domain Name System (DNS) specifies URI owners – http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85044033.html • Subject heading “ Enlightenment (Buddhism) ” , Library of Congress • Global space of uniquely identified concepts – URIs for concepts in Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) – Concept URIs as “ hubs ” linked to resources that are “ tagged ” (described) with the concepts – “ Spokes ” of the hub are statements using Resource Description Framework (RDF) 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 2

  3. RDF – grammar for a language of data relatedTo Resource ResourceA ResourceB describedBy Resource ResourceA Some text • “ Statements ” ( “ triples ” ), like sentences, describe things. • URIs (and sometimes text) are the “ words ” of statements. • As Web addresses, URIs are like “ footnotes ” for data. 3

  4. Example: “ linking ” two resources 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 4

  5. Resource A: Article indexed in AGRIS database Topic of the article Is “ acrididae ” , i.e. “ grasshoppers ” . One author is named “ Lu Hui ” . 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 5

  6. Statements about Resource A as “ pseudo-triples ” Subject Predicate Object Resource A has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 Resource A has an Author Lu Hui Resource A has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers) 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 6

  7. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers) Resource A is identified by the URI http://agris.fao.org/resource/CN2009002389. Let ’ s abbreviate this as agris:CN2009002389. 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 7

  8. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers) The author is identified by the URI http://agris.fao.org/author/luhui. Let ’ s abbreviate this as agris-author:luhui. 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 8

  9. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers) The author agris-author:luhui has the name Lu Hui. 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 9

  10. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic agrovoc:c_4416 The topic is identified by the URI http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4416. Let ’ s abbreviate this as agrovoc:c_4416. 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 10

  11. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic agrovoc:c_4416 agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Acrididae (en) 蝗科 (zh) agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label The description of http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4416 in the AGROVOC Concept Scheme tells us how this concept is labeled in English and in Chinese. 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 11

  12. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic agrovoc:c_4416 agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Acrididae (en) 蝗科 (zh) agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label The Dublin Core element “ Title ” is identified by the URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/title. Let ’ s abbreviate this as dct:title. 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 12

  13. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Acrididae (en) 蝗科 (zh) agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Ditto for author (i.e., creator) and topic (i.e. subject). Name is defined in the FOAF vocabulary. 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 13

  14. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agrovoc:c_4416 skos:prefLabel Acrididae (en) 蝗科 (zh) agrovoc:c_4416 skos:prefLabel A property for the preferred label of a concept has been defined In the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) vocabulary. 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 14

  15. The triples seen as a graph dct:title 典型草 … agris:CN…389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 dct:creator agris-author: foaf:name luhui Lu Hui Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 15

  16. Resource B: AGRIS article in German 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 16

  17. Triples describing Resource B seen as a graph dct:title Heuschrecken agris:CH…179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 dct:creator agris-author: foaf:name peterb Peter, B. Subject Predicate Object agris:CH2001000179 dct:title Heuschrecken brauchen ökologische Ausgleichsflächen agris:CH2001000179 dct:creator agris-author:peterb agris-author:luhui foaf:name Peter, B. agris:CH2001000179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 17

  18. Merging triples for Resource A… Subject Predicate Object 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 18

  19. …with triples for Resource B… Subject Predicate Object 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agris:CH2001000179 dct:title Heuschrecken brauchen ökologische Ausgleichsflächen agris:CH2001000179 dct:creator agris-author:peterb agris-author:luhui foaf:name Peter, B. agris:CH2001000179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 19

  20. The computer detects matching URIs... Subject Predicate Object 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agris:CH2001000179 dct:title Heuschrecken brauchen ökologische Ausgleichsflächen agris:CH2001000179 dct:creator agris-author:peterb agris-author:luhui foaf:name Peter, B. agris:CH2001000179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 20

  21. The computer detects matching URIs... dct:title Heuschrecken agris:CH…179 dct:subject dct:creator agrovoc:c_4416 agris-author: foaf:name peterb Peter, B. dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agris:CN…389 dct:title 典型草 … dct:creator agris-author: foaf:name luhui Lu Hui 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 21

  22. …and merges (“ links ” ) the graphs into one. dct:title Heuschrecken agris:CH…179 dct:subject dct:creator agrovoc:c_4416 agris-author: foaf:name peterb Peter, B. Resources in different dct:subject languages, linked by agris:CN…389 dct:title reference to a common KOS Concept. 典型草 … dct:creator An “ infinitely expandable agris-author: foaf:name description ”…! luhui Lu Hui 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 22

  23. CASTING A WIDER NET 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 23

  24. http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Orthoptera 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 24

  25. http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Orthoptera .rdf 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 25

  26. The BBC Grasshopper page links to a news article… 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 26

  27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8172000/8172168.stm 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 27

  28. …and to a DBPedia category… 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 28

  29. http://dbpedia.org/page/Orthoptera 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 29

  30. …using information extracted from Wikipedia. 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 30

  31. What else links to the DBPedia concept…? 2011-09-19 UDC-2011, The Hague 31

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