Colonel Neil McCasland Colonel Neil McCasland Director, Space - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Colonel Neil McCasland Colonel Neil McCasland Director, Space Vehicles Director, Space Vehicles Air Force Research Laboratory Air Force Research Laboratory

Space Technologies for Air Force Capabilities Auroral Region Auroral Region Auroral Region Auroral Region 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 Ionosphere Ionosphere Ionosphere Ionosphere Space Electronics Radiation Belts Radiation Belts Radiation Belts Radiation Belts VS-Heritage Electronics are Aboard Space Weather All DoD Operational Satellites Specifying, Forecasting & Mitigating Space Environment Hazards to DoD Systems Space Communications Broadband Comm Support for High Data Rate Users Space Structures Space Power VS Structures Technology VS-Heritage Solar Cells on EELV & Minotaur Launch Aboard 95% of DoD Operational Satellites Vehicles 2

Space Weather Impacts to DoD Systems Solar Disturbances Aurora Radiation Belts Ionosphere Direct Solar Hazards Space Particle Hazards Ionosphere/Neutral Hazards • Radio, optical and X-ray • Radiation degradation and • Communication/Navigation interference electronics upsets link degradation and outage • Solar energetic particle dose • Surface and internal charging / • Surveillance clutter degradation and detector discharging • Tracking & geolocation error clutter • Thin film and coating • Satellite Drag • Radiation dose to humans at degradation high altitudes 3

Space Electronics Environment Rad Rad Rad Rad COTS/ COTS/ Tolerant Tolerant Hard Hard MOTS MOTS 10 13 10 13 10 13 • DoD space systems operate in a harsh Strategic Strategic Strategic Strategic 10 12 10 12 10 12 Space Space Missiles Missiles radiation environment AFRL Investments AFRL Investments 10 11 10 11 10 11 Exo Exo • We develop cost-effective solutions to Strategic Strategic Digital Digital Interceptors Interceptors 10 10 10 10 10 10 military-unique requirements Dose Rate (Upset) [rads/s] Dose Rate (Upset) [rads/s] Spacecraft Spacecraft 10 9 10 9 10 9 Processors Processors Avionics Avionics Commercial electronics won’t work! 10 8 10 8 10 8 Endo Endo Interceptors Interceptors Strategic Strategic 10 7 10 7 10 7 Analog Analog Other Other Military Military 10 6 10 6 10 6 Space Space 0.7 Upgrade Cost 0.09 µ µ µ µ m 10 5 10 5 10 5 " " Total RH market 0.6 Commercial Commercial Ground Ground Systems Systems Space Space Billions of Dollars 0.5 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 6 10 6 10 6 10 7 10 7 10 7 Total Dose [rads] Total Dose [rads] 0.4 0.25 µ µ m µ µ Infrastructure 0.3 • Manufacturing cost grows exponentially 0.35 µ µ m µ µ 0.2 -- New fabs cost $3B+ 0.1 • Takes 30 yrs to amortize one dedicated rad hard manufacturing plant 0 Mid Mid Mid End Mid Dedicated fabs not sustainable 70's 80's 90's 90's 00's 4

Space Power SS/Loral LS1300 (17 kW) Space Station (78 kW) Power is a limiting factor (Multiple Launches) for nearly every space application Lockheed A2100AX (15 kW) Current Power Ceiling ~19 kW – Array Mass & Boeing HS702 (17 kW) Volume Limitations Space-Based Radar & Communications Drive Power Requirements 1000 We are here SBL 100 SBR Comm 2010 2020 2030 2040 5

Space Structures Aperture Size System Weight Example: Effect on SBR performance Parasitic Mass/Payload Mass Fraction 1 1 ∝ L   ∝ L           ∝ 2 ∝ L 3 L Lightweight, High Packaging Efficiency Structures Critical to Communications and Remote Sensing! 6

Space Communications Circa 2000 Circa 2005 Circa 2015 • Circuit switched • Internet-like transport with interconnectivity and cross-banding • Unconnected, separate services • Support for small, mobile terminals • Limited support for small terminals • High protected capacity • Low protected capacity Strategic EHF Comms WGS Commercial Milstar AEHF AEHF Wideband TSAT SHF Protected APS Comms • Mix of packet and circuit switched capacity DSCS WGS • Adaptive links for channel conditions – built-in protection Wideband L, • High bandwidth trunks/circuits C, Ku, Ka- • Support for small user terminals band Comms • Integrated EHF, SHF, Ka band Commercial Commercial services 7

Summary • AFRL leads the way in space technology – New affordable means for reusable access – Smaller, cheaper, more capable payloads • Partnership counts! – Collaboration with NASA is strong and growing • Need attention to assure tomorrow's talent pool 8