COHERENT Experiment at the SNS Jason Newby for the COHERENT collaboration CPAD 2019 Workshop December 10, 2019 Madison, Wisconsin ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy
Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL Neutrinos via Pion Decay-at-Rest 2.81Γ10 14 π /cm 2 /flavor/SNSYear @ 20m Neutrino Energy Neutrino Timing 3000 neutrinos cm -2 s -1 ns -1 @ 20m 2000 βJet-flowβ Target β’ Superconducting H - LINAC: 1 GeV @ 1.4MW @ 60 Hz 1000 β’ Storage Ring: 1200 pulses, 1us Period, 350ns FWHM β’ Liquid Mercury Target: circulates 20 tons with He gas 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 injection to mitigate cavitation ! s β’ SNS timing preserves DAR flavor structure β’ Operation ~5000 hours per year: 25 Terajoules/year β’ Mono-energetic π π separated from π e , π π 2 J. Newby 2
Coherent Elastic neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) A neutrino scatters on a nucleus via exchange of a Z, and the nucleus recoils as a whole, produce tiny recoils. n CsI CEvNS Pb NIN total e 133 Cs CEvNS n Pb NIN 1n 10 e 127 I CEvNS n Pb NIN 2n a challenge to the gods n 127 e I CC e IBD n -e e ) 2 1 cm -38 Cross-section (10 - 1 10 - 2 10 - 3 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Neutrino Energy (MeV) CEvNS cross-section is large! & ' ( & π = $ % Z 1 β 4sin 2 ΞΈ π β π 2 πΊ 2 (π 2 ) )* CEvNS cross section can be calculated in the Standard Model precisely 3 J. Newby 3
The COHERENT Collaboration February 2017 @ SNS 21 Institutions (USA, Russia, Canada, Korea) arXiv:1803.09183v2 4 J. Newby 4
First Detection of CEvNS with CsI detector 16 month of data 1.4*10 23 (~ 0.22g) POT CEvNS First working, hand held neutrino detector -14kg!!! Now we have 2.5 times First data point CEvNS after Form factor Correction more statistics Plan to publish new result this Winter 5 J. Newby 5
6 6 What were the required elements? Lara Blokland, UTK systematics on beam related backgrounds. Pulsed Timing Structure of Neutrinos constrains from DM and 0 ππΎπΎ Detector R&D Low Noise Detectors and Background Materials FWHM 350 ns Nucl. Instr. Meth. A773 (2014) 56 neutrinos cm -2 s -1 ns -1 @ 20m 0 1000 2000 3000 0 2 4 6 ! s 8 10 beam related backgrounds Neutrino Alley is well-shielded from proton beam TA-B159 STAIR NO. 7 3.7 m at surface Neutron Flux 10 5 3.1m 2.5 m Shielding Neutron Neutrino Alley 20 m TA-B153 TA-B102 T A - B 101 1.8m U T I L I T Y T UNN EL TA-B152 T A - B 158 TA-B154 TA-B103 J. Newby 8 m TA-B129A TA-B155 T A - B 149 TA-B156 TA-B129 TA-B148 TA-B150 TA-B120 TA-B105 TA-B104 TA-B147 TA-B106 WOMEN'S TA-B147A LOCKER TA-B122 T A - B 131 ROOM TA-B138 TA-B114 T A - B 130 TA-B109 TA-B144 TA-B145 TA-B123 TA-B107 WOMEN'S TOILETS TA-B116 T A - B 142 TA-B110 TA-B137 TA-B139 T A - B 113 TA-B108 TA-B157 TA-B132 MEN'S TOILETS TA-B124 TA-B143 TA-B117 TA-B111 TA-B140 TA-B127 MEN'S TA-B134 LOCKER ROOM TA-B118 TA-B125 TA-B112 TRUCK TA-B141 TA-B126 BAY TA-B135 F-3-B T A - B 136 TA-B128 TA-B160 REV 1 ISSUED: 12/10 BUILDING 8700 - BASEMENT LEVEL (B10) FLOOR PLAN WBS NO. 1.8.3.7
CEvNS as Probe of New Physics The COHERENT experiment has demonstrated the scientific potential A new portal to (non)standard parBcle and nuclear physics of a CEvNS program using the intensity, timing structure, and ... small but multicolor ! hermetic shielding at the Spallation Neutron Source. Renewed Interest in the CEvNS community Magnificent CEvNS Workshops, 2018 Chicago, 2019 Chapel Hill β’ Second Target Station Science Workshops, July 2019, Dec 2019 β’ 24 Slide from opening plenary talk by Eligio Lisi at NuInt 2018 https://indico.cern.ch/event/703880/ CPAD 2019 Madison, WI 7 J. Newby 7
3 COHERENT βFirst Lightβ CEvNS Program 10 ) 2 cm I Cs 40 2 10 90% CL - Cross section (10 Ge 68% CL Ar 10 Na 1 Neutrino Alley 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Neutron Number D. Akimov et al. Phys. Rev. D 100 , 115020 Sodium (NaI) Germanium Argon 22 kg Fiducial Mass 3.4 ton NaI 16 kg PPC HPGe β’ Single Phase β’ 3 π½ CEvNS/yr 500-600 CEvNS/yr TPB CVD Teflon β’ Installation 2020 Installation 2020 TPB Coated PMTs β’ Kr 83m Calibrations β’ 4.5 p.e. per keVee β’ ~20 keVnr threshold β’ 6.12 GWhrs β’ 130 predicted CEvNS β’ CPAD 2019 Madison, WI 8 J. Newby 8
COHERENT Future Initiatives for a Precision Program Precise Flux Normalization High Statistics CEvNS Reduction in allowed NSI H 2 O D 2 O 1.3 ton Walt Fox, IU Darryl Dowling, ORNL Concept: Yuri Efremekno Kate Scholberg Deuteron Charged Current 750kg LAr β’ β’ π < + π β π + π + π B Single phase β’ 2-3% Accuracy* Light Collection Options β’ β’ Single phase, light only β’ β’ 3β PMT TPB 2.5% Statistical in 2 yrs β’ β’ SiPM, Xenon Doping, β¦ ~3000 CEvNS/yr β’ *S.Nakamura et. al. Nucl.Phys. A721(2003) 549 CPAD 2019 Madison, WI 9 J. Newby 9 9
COHERENT Physics Overview Topic CsI Ar NsI Ge Nubes D 2 O β β β β Non-standard neutrino interactions β β β β Weak mixing angle β β β β Accelerator-produced dark matter β β β β Sterile oscillations β β β Neutrino magnetic moment β β β β Nuclear form factors β β β Inelastic CC/NC cross-section for supernova β β β β Inelastic CC/NC cross-section for weak physics The sum is greater than the individual measurements All measurements benefit from neutrino flux normalization CPAD 2019 Madison, WI 10 J. Newby 10 10
An ORNL Perspective on the Future of Neutrinos at the SNS PPU project: Double STS project: Build the the power of the second target existing accelerator station with initial structure suite of beam lines β’ First Target Station β’ Optimized for cold (FTS) is optimized for neutrons thermal neutrons β’ World-leading β’ Increases the peak brightness brightness of beams β’ Provides new of pulsed neutrons science β’ Provides new capabilities for science capabilities measurements for atomic resolution across broader and fast dynamics ranges of temporal and length scales, β’ Provides a platform real-time, and for STS smaller samples Slide from Ken Herwig, Workshop on Fundamental Physics at the Second Target Station (FPSTS18) 11 J. Newby 11
PPU and STS upgrades will ensure SNS remains the worldβs brightest accelerator-based neutron source Today 2024 after PPU 2028 after STS 1000+ users β’ 2000+ users β’ 900 users β’ STS Enhanced capabilities β’ Hierarchical materials, time- β’ Materials at atomic β’ 0.7 MW resolution and small samples resolution and fast dynamics 15 Hz 2.0 MW 2.8 MW 1.4 MW 1.3 GeV 1.3 GeV 1 GeV 27 mA 38 mA 25 mA 60 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz FTS FTS FTS 2 MW 1.4 MW 2 MW 45 pulses/sec 60 Hz 60 Hz The choice of 15 Hz and 0.7 MW resulted from a detailed analysis of STS design (reviewed by a panel of experts in 2017) and optimizes performance of STS without impacting performance of FTS 12 J. Newby 12
Power Upgrade and STS Facilities create new opportunities β¦ Calorimetry Directionality Discovery Scale 750 kg Ar Ar TPC 2.3 m 2.3 m 10 ton Ar TPC Walt Fox IU Walt Fox IU H 2 O H 2 O D 2 O 1.3 ton 3 3 . m D 2 O 2 . m 2 Acrylic Acrylic Darryl Dowling, ORNL Darryl Dowling, ORNL 2024 2025 2022 2023 2021 STS FTS Ton-Scale Argon Calorimetry HEP Program at STS Ton-Scale Directionality with Low β’ CEvNS studies Threshold Detector R&D β’ Dark Matter searches Argon TPC β’ Limits on quark-lepton couplings for DUNE mass β’ Dark Matter searches Heavy Water Ring Imaging Design ordering degeneracy β’ Precision CEvNS studies β’ Improved Flux Normalization β’ Supernovae neutrino cross sections for DUNE β’ Precision Ar cross sections for DUNE β’ Neutrino oxygen Interactions for Super-K, β’ Weak Mixing Angle Hyper-K β’ Neutrino EM properties COHERENT βFirst Lightβ Program Heavy Water Ring Imaging Argon Detector R&D for STS β’ Heavy Water Flux Normalization of FTS β’ Flux Normalization of STS β’ Simultaneous Low threshold Light and β’ CEvNS with HPGe, NaI β’ Precision oxygen cross sections for Time Projection Readout of Charge β’ Low Threshold Detector R&D : Quantum Super-K, Hyper-K Enhanced Light Collection, Xenon Doping, SiPM Exact time evolution of program to be determined by the collaboration 13 J. Newby 13
Dark Matter Possibilities at the SNS See D. Persheyβs talk from M7s arXiv:1911.06422 Portal particles would be produced mainly through Ο 0 /Ξ· 0 β π Ξ³ and the hidden sector First Target Station particles may interact within our detectors in Neutrino Alley deNiverville et al., Phys Rev D92 095005 (2015) Second Target Station The ability to measure delayed CEvNS key to control systematics of prompt Scalar DM excluded for all Ξ±β² < 1 for 5 < π Ο < 100 CEvNS βbackgroundβ. 14 J. Newby 14
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