By Timothy Adelani History Originally built by Marcus Agrippa in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

By Timothy Adelani

History  Originally built by Marcus Agrippa in 27BC  In Campus Martius  732 workers for 3 years  M·AGRIPPA·L·F·COS·TERTIUM·FECIT  Disputed shape-T shape or Circular with a triangular porch  Completely destroyed in 80AD

 After the fire it was reconstructed by Domitian  This burned in 110AD  Rebuilt by Hadrian  The bricks are dated by manufacturing stamps  Trajan’s architect Apollodorus of Damascus  This is the current Pantheon

Materials  Granite columns  From Egypt, Mons Claudianus  Weighed 60 metric tonnes  Dragged 100Km to the Nile, floated down the river, transferred across Mediterranean to Ostia, on barges up the Tiber to Rome.  Main building  Marble  Travertine  Tufa  Pumice  Brick

Portico

 Previously approached by steps  Pediment  Relief sculpture-gilded bronze  Eagle with outstretched wings in a ribboned wreath

 Columns  Monolithic  Granite  Originally 50 Roman feet with 10 foot capitals  However they obscured second pediment  Therefore only 40 Roman feet and 8 foot capitals  Corinthian Capitals  There are three niches at the back of the portico  Possibly for Julius Caesar, Augustus Caesar and Agrippa

Dome

 The whole dome is made from concrete and weighs 4,535 tonnes  It’s weight is reduced by a honeycomb structure inside as well as the use of the oculus as opposed to an apex  To shed more weight the cupola is 6.4metres at the base and 1.2 at the oculus  The inclusion of terracotta jars added air to the cement making it light  The dome is supported by eight barrel vaults built into the walls

 The dome is composed of different layers of materials  Travertine  Travertine/Tufa  Tufa/brick  Brick  Pumice  Coffers  Oculus  Reduce weight  Natural light  Apocalyptic

 Geometry  43.3m-perfect sphere  Coffers add depth  Largest dome in the world until Brunelleschi’s Florence Cathedral in 1436

Interior

 The floor is slightly tilted  Circles and squares the predominant theme  Unifies the building  Lavish multicoloured marbles  Coffers  May have contained stars or rosettes

Later Use  Has been in use since it was built  Shut as a temple with the onset of Christianity  Given to Pope Boniface VIII in 608  Renamed St. Mary and the Martyrs  Tombs  Vittorio Emanuele II, Umberto I, Rafaello

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