Break-out group 4 Marisna (Indonesia) Policy recommenda.on - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Break-­‑out ¡group ¡4 ¡

Marisna (Indonesia) ¡ Policy ¡recommenda.on ¡1: ¡ ¡ Quota ¡se0ng ¡to ¡increase ¡women’s ¡poli8cal ¡ par8cipa8on ¡and ¡representa8on ¡ ¡ 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Marisna (Indonesia) ¡ ¡ 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Marisna (Indonesia) Women’s Participation in Parliaments Average percentage of women parlimentarians as per August 2015: Nordic countries: 41.1% Americas: 25.5% Europe excluding Nordic countries: 24.4% Sub-Saharan Africa: 23% Asia: 18.4% Middle East and North Africa: 17.1% The Pacific: 15.7% (UN WOMEN) 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Marisna (Indonesia) Other Facts ¡ ¡ • As of January 2015, only 17 per cent of government ministers were women, with the majority overseeing social sectors (e.g., education and the family) (UN WOMEN) • Globally out of 41 countries, 34 had applied some form of quota opening space for women’s political participation: 17 use legislative candidate quotas; 6 use reserve seats, and in 11 the parties adopt voluntary quotas (UN WOMEN) • Countries in Europe have adopted party and legislated quota system while some are without quota. In ASEAN out of 10 Member States, only 3 (Indonesia, The Philippines, Thailand) have quota setting system (“Quota Project”, International IDEA et al.) 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Marisna (Indonesia) Why Advocate for Women’s Political Participation? ¡ ¡ • Women make up 49.55 percent of the world’s total population (World Bank) which positions them as half the of the world’s power and potentials. • Presence of women in political office can increase the political system’s legitimacy and public confidence in the system. • Women’s political participation can bring more attention to issues that affect women, children and other disadvantaged groups. • Promoting gender equality is “smart-economics” as women have the tendency to spend on their family and community. • Women are strongly committed to peace building, as they often disproportionately suffer the consequences of armed conflict. • Countries where women are supported as leaders have correspondingly low level of corruption. 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Marisna (Indonesia) ¡ Why Quota Setting? Quota Setting in Parliaments ¡ • Affirmative action to safeguard women’s political participation and representation is required. • Quota setting can be an Legislated ¡ Candidate ¡ effective affirmative tool if Quotas ¡ combined with strong sanction system and capacity building initiatives. • Easy to measure and monitor (quantity-based). 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Marisna (Indonesia) Policy Recommendation • ASEAN and EU can collaborate ¡ through regular forums to share best practices and challenges in adopting ¡ Quota setting in any strategic decision electoral quota system. making positions from local to national level to • ASEAN and EU can also establish increase women’s political participation joint initiatives to provide capacity building platforms for women local and national leaders and training/ workshops on gender issues in politics for men and women MPs. Capacity building Gender • Any joint initiatives can be initiatives to awareness channelled through ASEAN Inter- improve women’s raising programs political and for men and Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) and leadership skills women European Parliament. 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Bianca (Austria, Germany) ¡ Policy ¡recommenda.on ¡2: ¡ ¡ Implement ¡the ¡concept ¡of ¡gender ¡sensi8vity ¡as ¡a ¡ transna8onal ¡norm ¡into ¡school ¡curricula ¡ ¡ ¡ 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Bianca (Austria, Germany) What is the problem & background? • The structure and content of schooling – textbooks, curricular choices, sex distribution of teachers and administrators, teacher attitudes and behaviors, classroom and discipline practices, and the presence of violence – reflect discriminatory and harmful social norms about the appropriate roles and opportunities for boys and girls. >Traditional stereotypes are the biggest challenge for gender equality in education. • Gender sensitization (def.): modification of behavior by raising awareness of gender equality concerns. > gender empowerment Sources: • UNESCO (2015). A guide for gender equality in teacher education policy and practices. Available at: http://goo.gl/3hktRS • UNESCO (2004). Gender-sensitivity: a training manual for sensitizing education managers, curriculum and material developers and media professionals to gender concerns. Available at: http://goo.gl/3hktRS 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Bianca (Austria, Germany) How do we solve it? • EU: – Equinet = European network of equality bodies; recommendations: Capacity- building seminar about gender equality in education. 20 May, 2016. Available at: http://www.equineteurope.org/Seminar-Gender-Equality-in-Education-836 – Best practice: • Sweden, Government of Sweden (2016). (https://sweden.se/society/gender-equality-in-sweden/) • ASEAN: – Best practice: • Thailand, World Bank & Ministry of Education in Thailand (2014). ( http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/Gender/Levtov%202014.%20Addressing %20gender%20inequalities%20in%20education.pdf) 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Bianca (Austria, Germany) Why does it need to be solved? • reduction of barriers to personal & economic development created by sexism. • promotion of respect for the equally valid roles that men and women play in their families, their communities and their nations. • generation of respect for the individual regardless of sex. 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam) ¡ Policy ¡recommenda.on ¡3: ¡ ¡ Understanding ¡female ¡entrepreneurship ¡as ¡a ¡mean ¡ and ¡an ¡end ¡in ¡achieving ¡gender ¡equality ¡ ¡ 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam) Why is female entrepreneurship important in achieving gender equality? All countries consider entrepreneurial promotion as Boost a crucial policy for sustained employment creation, global economy as well as innovation in products, production processes and organizations (OECD Council Report, 2012). Boost Women entrepreneurs can play crucial roles in the Female Gender women process of economic development entrepreneurship equality economic Helps solve the gender inequality problems in the rights workplace (i.e. double burden, quota leaders) A goal in Promote women into leaders achieving Free women from institutional barriers and social gender norms equality 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam) What has been done? Strategy Europe 2020, Entrepreneurship 2020 Initiatives Action Plan, Small business act, Strategy for on female equality between women and men 2010-2015, entrepre- ASEAN Gender Responsive Economic Actions for neurship the Transformation of women s k European Network of Female Entrepreneurship o r w t e N e l a m e Ambassadors, European Network of Mentors for f o r f - r e p e t r Women Entrepreneurs, ASEAN Women n e s r u n e Entrepreneurship Network 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam) What hasn’t been done well? Some laws are unclear and there are no or little instruction as to how to practice them. No specific and comprehensive policy for promoting female innovators/inventors entrepreneurs and women entrepreneurship in STEM The possibility of creating a political ghetto, or in other words, marginalizing women 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam) Problems faced by female entrepreneurs Low number of female entrepreneurs compared to men Women own lower value companies More necessity entrepreneurs rather than opportunity entrepreneurs, especially in ASEAN nations. Women are forced into entrepreneurship rather than out of free will due to a lack of government intervention in work-life balance 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam) Problems faced by female entrepreneurs l a t n o z i r o Contextual obstacles h s n ’ e m o w e , c s o i e h p c y l t a o n e o r e t i t a s c r u e d d e n s e ’ g n e n , m o o t i w a g e g r e s l a c i r t e v d n a difficulties in accessing finance Economic obstacles l a r e n e g d n a c f i i n t e e c i Soft obstacles s o l r a l o f c n i d n h c a e t g t n n i a n v a i e t r e l s r s o e t n s i s s u e b c c f a o k f c o k a l c , a s L k r o w t e n s s e n s i u b s e l d o m 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality

Huyen-Anh (Vietnam) How to reinforce female entrepreneurship? • Data accumulation & evaluation Gender • Revision of EU policies • Develop systematic policies that are gender-sensitive mainstreaming and consider entrepreneurship in terms of differences, not from a phallogocentric perspective • Information, Increase • Education (especially in STEM & increase awareness of entrepreneurship from young age) access • Capital • Networks 2016 EUAP III on Gender Equality