www.ecologic.eu Copy right: COREL Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany: Recent developments and perspectives Sandra Naumann, Ecologic Institute March 29, 2011
www.ecologic.eu Content 1. Biodiversity in the EU: Status and Trends 2. EU Biodiversity Policy 3. Implementation on national level – German Biodiversity Policy and Biorecovery/ renaturation projects 4. The Economic of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) 5. Outlook: Post 2010 Biodiversity Strategy 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 2
www.ecologic.eu Definition Biodiversity To differentiate between species diversity ecosystem diversity genetic diversity 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 3
www.ecologic.eu 1. Biodiversity in the EU: Status and Trends In 2001 the EU announced aim to halt biodiversity loss in the EU by 2010 – but we missed the target: In Europe, 1 in 6 mammal species are threatened with extinction – marine mammals being particularly with extinction – marine mammals being particularly at risk; birds too. More than a quarter of the European mammal population is declining with the chance that more species will become threatened. Global situation: 60 % of ecosystem services have been degraded in the last 50 years. 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 4
www.ecologic.eu Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) Assessment 2010 Assessment of 4 main policy areas of the EU BAP: 1) biodiversity in the EU, 2) the EU and global biodiversity, 3) biodiversity and climate change, and 4) the knowledge base Main Conclusions: Increased (political) awareness Increased (political) awareness Progress on environmental issues (Natura 2000, water…) Increased efforts by sectors (more funding opportunities) BUT key pressures underpinned by indirect drivers are still increasing Biodiversity is still declining in EU and globally. EU has missed its 2010 target of halting biodiversity decline. 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 5
www.ecologic.eu Biodiversity Action Plan Assessment 2010 Source: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/info/pubs/docs/2010_bap.pdf 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 6
www.ecologic.eu Why is this a problem - What do we need biodiversity for? (Human benefits) Biodiversity supports a number of natural ecosystem processes and services. Some ecosystem services that benefit society are Air quality Climate (global CO 2 sequestration and local) Water purification Pollination Prevention of erosion Non-material benefits: spiritual and aesthetic values, knowledge systems, value of education 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 7
www.ecologic.eu Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 8
www.ecologic.eu Reasons for missing the 2010 target In general Land-use changes Over-exploitation Unsustainable practices Pollution Introduction of invasive species which have led to habitat and species destruction Climate change 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 9
www.ecologic.eu Reasons for missing the 2010 target More specifically to the EU target: Breaches of EU nature legislation Lack of money Knowledge gaps Failure to build in biodiversity protection into other policies ‘New' threats, like climate change Too many different action items Policy gaps – such as the lack of a comprehensive policy on invasive species or a failure to get agreement on the Soil Framework Directive Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 10 29 March 2011
www.ecologic.eu Source: Anne Teller, DG Env (2010) :The post-2010 biodiversity strategy (ppt) 2. EU Biodiversity Policy 1998 2006 2008 2009 2010 2001 ���������� �������!� +�����,,, ��������� ���������� ��� �����!!�� �����(�������� %����������&����� ��������������� ����������� ������������ ������������� ������������� %������������ �������������������� ������� ������������� "����������� '������ )�*��"�� ���������������� ������� "����������� #�"�$ ���� #����$ #�"�$ ������������ ������������� ������������� � ���������� � ���������� ������������'-'� ����������.� ����.����"����� ����� �������� 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (EC contracting party since 1993) 2010 global target adopted in 2002 2050 Vision, 2020 Mission & targets adopted in 2010 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 11
www.ecologic.eu Main policies/ instruments of EU Biodiversity Policy The legal basis for the Natura 2000 network comes from the Birds Directive which dates back to 1979: requires the establishment of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for birds and the Habitats Directive from 1992: similarly requires Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) to be designated for other species, and for habitats Together SPAs and SACs make up the Natura 2000 network of protected areas, so these Directives constitute the backbone of the EU's internal policy on biodiversity protection. 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 12
www.ecologic.eu Achievements of EU biodiversity policy: Natura 2000 network Over the last 25 years built up a vast network of nearly 26.000 protected areas Covering all Member States and a total area of more than 750.000 km 2 , representing approximately 18% of total EU terrestrial area and more than 130.000 km² of its seas It has halted the destruction and degradation of vital It has halted the destruction and degradation of vital habitats such as wetlands, which are now better protected across Europe than ever before Areas include: national parks, biosphere reserves, extensive farming and marine areas, etc. Wild Birds Directive: has had a significant positive impact in protecting many of the continent's most threatened birds in its Special Protection Areas. 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 13
www.ecologic.eu A range of ecosystem services provided by the Natura 2000 area “Pico da Vara / Ribeira do Guilherme” (Azores, Portugal) Water provisioning: amount of water originating from the Natura 2000 area used by the surrounding communities is 1,4 million m 3 /year , worth €600,000/ year. Estimate is based on existing price of drinking water, excluding water used by agriculture, i.e. likely to be an underestimate of the total value. agriculture, i.e. likely to be an underestimate of the total value. Flood and landslide protection: Estimate of the magnitude of avoided costs: 29 deaths and around €20,000,000 in damages in the areas in1997 due to landslides and floods. Carbon storage: Natura 2000 areas: ca. 465,000 t C, plus carbon sequestered in the peat area Source: www.panoramio.com (RuiAmaral) 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 14
www.ecologic.eu A range of ecosystem services provided by the Natura 2000 area “Pico da Vara / Ribeira do Guilherme” (Azores, Portugal) Ecotourism: value of ecotourism in the Nordeste council area: €60,000 (travel cost method) / €16,500 (tourism expenditure) Education: 10 school groups / year, around 10 university visitors / year, a total of 10 scientific papers since 1968 Landscape and amenity value: In the Povoação community, WTP €500 - 800 / person, total WTP estimate €3,000,000 for the Povoação region Job creation: LIFE Priolo Project created around 21.6 direct full time jobs / year. Expenditure of the park and its staff and volunteers: €350 000 / year, supporting 4 indirect fulltime jobs / year 29 March 2011 Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 15
www.ecologic.eu Challenges für biodiversity action 1. Integration, 2. National biodiversity strategies, 3. Implementation at EU/national level Biodiversity needs to be integrated into other policies: regional and cohesion, energy, transport, fishery, agricultural, forest and bioenergy cohesion, energy, transport, fishery, agricultural, forest and bioenergy policies, etc. Biodiversity policy in the EU and Germany 16 29 March 2011
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