B.Sc., Computer Software Engineering Jerusalem College of Technology
“Variable Months” – ןושח /ולסכ Days of Month Days in Month Rosh Chodesh Tishrei –ירשת 301 Cheshvan –ןושח 29/302 Kislev –ולסכ 29/301/2 Tevet –תבט 291/2 Shevat –טבש 301 Adar I –רדאא' 302922 Adar – רדא Adar II –רדאב' 292 Nisan –ןסינ 301 Iyar –רייא 292 Sivan –ןויס 301 Tamuz –זומת 292 Av –בא 301 Ellul - לולא 292
Year ח ,כ ,ש ןושחולסכ “Types” ח הרס 29 29 Chaseirah Note: there is no Year Incomplete* with ןושח =30 and ולסכ =29, because it כ הרדס would achieve the same 29 30 total number of days Kesidrah annually, and would be Regular redundant. ש המיל 30 30 Shleimah A.K.A. Complete** * Defective ** Excessive
Relationship between Molad & Rosh Chodesh ROSH HASHANAH is determined by MOLAD TISHREI (with 4 exceptions - Dechiyot) ROSH CHODESH is determined by the alternating 29-30 day month cycle irrespective of the molad of that month.
V. Setting the Holidays: The Four Dechiyot
Dechiyot - Postponements To ensure that certain holidays do not fall on certain days of the week. By shortening / lengthening the year by 1 day. Pushing ( Docheh ) RH OFF of MOLAD TISHREI.
אלדא"ושאר . 1 LO AD”U ROSH Molad Tishrei RH = postponed 1, 4, 6 until the next (Sun, Wed, Fri) possible day. ( דא"ו )
אלדא"ושאר" ? " RH = Friday Avoid 2 consecutive days YK on Sunday without cooking Avoid 2 consecutive days RH = Wed without burial ( דובכתמה ) YK on Friday RH = Sun Never cancel the mitzvah of Hoshana Rabba Hakafot with the Aravah. on Shabbat
.שורדת לב ןקז דלומ 2 Molad Zaken Molad Rosh Tishrei Hashanah is postponed to > the next possible day. 18h / 12pm
Dechiyot 1 & 2 Together Molad Tishrei falls on…. RH will be… 1d 15h • MONDAY • אלדא"ושאר Sunday 9am 2d 18h • TUESDAY • ןקז דלומ Monday 12pm 0d 23h • MONDAY • ןקז דלומ + אלדא"ושאר Shabbat 5pm
The Mechanics of Dechiyot All Dechiyot of RH are made by adjusting CHESHVAN & KISLEV of the previous year
Length of Hebrew Year How many days Year Year Year Type does Rosh Length Length ןושחולסכ Hashanah move? ח ,כ ,ש Regular Gravid Regular Gravid ח הרס Incomplete 29 29 Chaseirah כ הרדס 29 30 Kesidrah Regular ש המיל 30 30 Shleimah Complete
Length of Hebrew Year How many days Year Year Year Type does Rosh Length Length ןושחולסכ Hashanah move? ח ,כ ,ש Regular Gravid Regular Gravid ח הרס 353d 383d Incomplete 29 29 Chaseirah = 50w 3d =54w 5d כ הרדס 354d 384d 29 30 Kesidrah =50w 4d =54w 6d Regular ש המיל 355d 385d 30 30 Shleimah =50w 5d =55w 0d Complete
Length of Hebrew Year How many days Year Year Year Type does Rosh Length Length ןושחולסכ Hashanah move? ח ,כ ,ש Regular Gravid Regular Gravid ח הרס 353d 383d 3 5 Incomplete 29 29 Chaseirah = 50w 3d =54w 5d כ הרדס 354d 384d 4 6 29 30 Kesidrah =50w 4d =54w 6d Regular ש המיל 355d 385d 5 0 30 30 Shleimah =50w 5d =55w 0d Complete
Year Type Possibilities Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS year Chaseirah 353 Kesidrah 354 Shleimah 355 (+3) (+4) (+5) Mon Thursday Friday Shabbat Tues Friday Shabbat Sunday Thurs Sunday Monday Tuesday Shabbat Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS Chaseirah 383 Kesidrah 384 Shleimah 385 (+5) (+6) (+0) Leap Year Mon Shabbat Sunday Monday Tues Sunday Monday Tuesday Thurs Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Shabbat Thursday Friday Shabbat
Year Type Possibilities Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS year Chaseirah 353 Kesidrah 354 Shleimah 355 (+3) (+4) (+5) Mon 1. Thursday Friday 2. Shabbat Tues Friday 3. Shabbat Sunday Thurs Sunday 4. Monday 5. Tuesday Shabbat 6. Tuesday Wednesday 7. Thursday Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS Chaseirah 383 Kesidrah 384 Shleimah 385 (+5) (+6) (+0) Leap Year Mon Shabbat Sunday Monday Tues Sunday Monday Tuesday Thurs Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Shabbat Thursday Friday Shabbat
Year Type Possibilities Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS year Chaseirah 353 Kesidrah 354 Shleimah 355 (+3) (+4) (+5) Mon 1. Thursday Friday 2. Shabbat Tues Friday 3. Shabbat Sunday Thurs Sunday 4. Monday 5. Tuesday Shabbat 6. Tuesday Wednesday 7. Thursday Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS Chaseirah 383 Kesidrah 384 Shleimah 385 (+5) (+6) (+0) Leap Year Mon 8. Shabbat Sunday 9. Monday Tues Sunday 10. Monday Tuesday** Thurs 11. Tuesday Wednesday 12. Thursday Shabbat 13. Thursday Friday 14. Shabbat ** This never occurs. If RH of a leap year is Tuesday, the year is always kesidrah . because the molad of the year following is Sunday or before noon on Monday, so there is never a reason to push RH off to Tuesday.
Why Molad Zaken 1 The new moon isn’t visible until 6-12 hours after the Molad. Molad Zaken (18h+) supposedly ensures that the New Moon will always be seen on RH itself. Problem: math doesn’t fit!
Why Molad Zaken 2 “The Calendar makers wanted to make sure that no month would begin before the actual setting in of the New Moon (molad )” Wolfgang Alexander Shocken, The Calculated Confusion of Calendars (see www.geocities.com/Athens/1584) Leap Year - Molad Shevat Leap Year Kesidrah – 384 days Molad Tishrei n 3d 21h 68p Molad Tishrei n 3d 21h 68p + 4 Month shift 6d 2h 1012p + Leap Year Shift 5d 21h 589p = Molad Shevat n 3d 0h 0p = Molad Tishrei n+1 2d 18h 657p RC Shevat needs to be MONDAY Molad Zaken can be postponed (118 days after RH) as late as 18h 657p MOLAD Shevat falls on TUESDAY!! rounded off to 18h Need to add a day.
The Great “Calendar Controversy” of 920 CE Year 920CE, R. Aaron ben Meir of Palestine advocated changing the rules of this dechiya to 18h 642p R. Saadya Gaon of Babylon fought to preserve the status quo Several years of 2 calendars!! (2 days apart!)
.רטג"דשורג הטושפב 3 MOLAD רטג"ד Simple Year Tuesday 3d 9h 204p RH Tuesday + Tekufah Shift 4d 8h 876p Next Molad 7d 18h 0p Zaken & AD”U RH should be Monday Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS year Chaseirah 353 Kesidrah 354 Shleimah 355 (+3) (+4) (+5) Mon Thursday Friday 2. Shabbat 1. Tues Friday 3. Shabbat Sunday Thurs Sunday 4. Monday 5. Tuesday Shabbat 6. Tuesday Wednesday 7. Thursday Not possible! Would require a year of 356 days!
Rule of רטג"ד When Molad Tishrei falls 9h When Molad Tishrei falls 9h 204p or later on Tuesday of 204p or later on Tuesday of a Simple Year, Rosh a Simple Year, Rosh Hashanah is postponed Hashanah is postponed from Tuesday to Thursday from Tuesday to Thursday
.טב" ופקת"ט רוקע רוביעה רחאשורשלמ 4 MOLAD טב"פקת ו"ט AFTER a Leap Year Tuesday noon+ 3d 18h 0p Zaken & Ad”u ( RH Thursday ) + Gravid Tekufah Shift 5d 21h 589p Next Molad 2d 15h 589p RH should be Monday Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS Chaseirah 383 Kesidrah 384 Shleimah 385 (+5) (+6) (+0) Leap Year Mon 8. Shabbat Sunday 9. Monday Tues Sunday 10. Mon Tuesday** Thurs 11. Tuesday Wednesday 12. Thursday Shabbat 13. Thursday Friday 14. Shabbat Not possible! Would require a year of 382 days!
Rule of טב" ופקת"ט When Molad Tishrei When Molad Tishrei following a leap year falls on following a leap year falls on Monday 15h 589p or later, Monday 15h 589p or later, Rosh Hashanah is Rosh Hashanah is postponed from Monday to postponed from Monday to Tuesday. Tuesday.
Summary: 4 Dechiyot אלדא"ו RH can never fall on Sunday, Wednesday or Friday שאר When Molad Tishrei falls לב ןקז דלומ 18h+ (noon), RH is postponed שורדת to the next available day רטג"ד הטושפב When Molad Tishrei introducing a simple year falls 3d 9h 204p or later, שורג RH is postponed from Tues to Thurs טב" ופקת"ט רחא When Molad Tishrei following a רוקע רוביעה gravid year falls 2d 15h 589p, RH is postponed from Mon to Tues שורשלמ
VI. The עיבק ( K’vi’a ) 14 Year Types
Year Type Possibilities Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS year Chaseirah 353 Kesidrah 354 Shleimah 355 (+3) (+4) (+5) Mon 1. Thursday Friday 2. Shabbat Tues Friday 3. Shabbat Sunday Thurs Sunday 4. Monday 5. Tuesday Shabbat 6. Tuesday Wednesday 7. Thursday Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah NEXT Year THIS Chaseirah 383 Kesidrah 384 Shleimah 385 (+5) (+6) (+0) Leap Year Mon 8. Shabbat Sunday 9. Monday Tues Sunday 10. Monday Tuesday** Thurs 11. Tuesday Wednesday 12. Thursday Shabbat 13. Thursday Friday 14. Shabbat ** This never occurs. If RH of a leap year is Tuesday, the year is always kesidrah . because the molad of the year following is Sunday or before noon on Monday, so there is never a reason to push RH off to Tuesday.
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