Sustainability Transition Assessment and Research of Bio-based Products Grant Agreement Number 727740 Assessing sustainability in a circular economy Life Cycle Costing indicators Final Workshop, 28 April 2020 Dimitrios Ladakis, Sofia Maria Ioannidou, Apostolis Koutinas Agricultural University of Athens (AUA) www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Goal and Scope Techno-economic sustainability assessment (TESA) methodology for the conversion stage of bio-based products: Simultaneous evaluation of process profitability, efficiency and environmental externalities and how these could be improved within a specific time frame The TESA methodology for the conversion stage could be applied in the next four cases: 1. Process improvements that are implemented in an existing process 2. Evaluation of alternative crude renewable feedstocks including also biorefinery development 3. Valorisation of by-product and waste streams produced by an existing process 4. Evaluation of recirculation of used bio-based products in the manufacturing stage via alternative End-of-Life scenarios www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Processing TESA criteria & indicators methodology Development of techno-economic sustainability assessment methodology for conversion routes from selected feedstocks to bio-based products Step 1: Identification and assessment of international standards, initiatives and legislation related to sustainability aspects of biofuels, bio-energy and biomass production Step 2: Literature review on techno-economic sustainability studies focusing on biofuels, bio-energy and biomass production Step 3: Recommendation of principles, criteria and indicators for the development of TESA methodology including profitability and external (environmental impact) cost aspects Step 4: Assessment of the developed TESA methodology by implementation to selected case studies www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Selected case studies Selected bio-based products and uses Selected feedstocks Poly(lactic acid) – PLA Glucose syrup from corn • • Monomer: bio-based L-lactic acid ✓ Base case scenario Application: packaging film Replacement for: biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) Corn stover (CS)* • ✓ Agricultural residue of corn cultivation Poly(butylene succinate) – PBS ✓ High carbohydrate content • Monomers: bio-based succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol Application: Not defined – Focus only on production stage Sugar beet pulp (SBP)** • Replacement for: general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) ✓ Promising industrial side stream from the sugar production industry using sugar beet PLA/PBAT-based mulch film ✓ Suitable for biorefinery development • Composition: 35% PLA and 65% Poly(butylene adipate- ✓ Sufficient quantities are available in co-terephthalate) (PBAT) several EU-28 countries Application: Agriculture ✓ High carbohydrate content Replacement for: Conventional mulch films produced by ✓ High pectin content linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) * considering that CS has 20% moisture content ** considering that SBP contains 70% water content; Drying and pelletisation have not been considered www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
System boundaries www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Principles, criteria & indicators Criteria Indicators Principle 1.1.1 Techno-economic evaluation for producing the bio-based products in the current process 1.1.2 Techno-economic and externality cost 1.1 Process improvements evaluation presented as life cycle costs (LCC) 1.1.3 Risk Assessment to identify economic and technical risks including sensitivity analysis Case studies implementation 1.Sustainable Indicators 1.1.1, 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 are evaluated techno-economical for alternative renewable feedstocks and 1.2 Alternative renewable feedstocks and manufacturing biorefinery concepts leading to the production biorefinery development of bio-based products Indicators 1.1.1, 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 are used to estimate the techno-economic sustainability of 1.3 Valorization of by-product and waste a process when side stream are valorized streams Indicators 1.1.1, 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 are used to 1.4 Recirculation of used bio-based products in estimate the techno-economic sustainability of the manufacturing stage a process in which recirculation of used bio- based products is applied www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Metrics of indicators 1.2.2 & 1.2.3 under study Indicator 1.2.2 Performance of TESA methodology for evaluating the production process of the selected case studies using alternative feedstocks 1. Variation of Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) at different plant capacities 2. Variation of Cost of Manufacture (COM) at different plant capacities 3. Estimation of Minimum Selling Price (MSP) via Discounted Cash Flow Analysis (associated with zero Net Present Value (NPV) at the end of the useful life time of plant operation) 4. Optimum Plant Capacity (OPC) leading to minimum cost of manufacture 5. The Discounted Payback Period (DPP) is the time required, after the initiation of plant operation, to recover the capital investment 6. Minimum Feedstock Capacity Requirement (MFR) at the Optimum Plant Capacity 7. The ratio of Feedstock Capacity Requirement to Feedstock Availability in the region 8. Incorporate external environmental impact costs Indicator 1.2.3 Risk assessment focusing on application-specific technical aspects 1. Sensitivity analysis www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) at different plant capacities PBS PLA PLA/PBAT-based mulch film 9.00 7.00 5.75 Fixed Capital Investment ( €/ kg) Fixed Capital Investment ( €/ kg) 8.25 Fixed Capital Investment ( €/ kg) 6.25 5.00 7.50 5.50 4.25 6.75 4.75 6.00 3.50 5.25 4.00 2.75 4.50 3.25 3.75 2.00 2.50 3.00 1.25 1.75 2.25 1.00 0.50 1.50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Capacity (kt/year) Capacity (kt/year) Capacity (kt/year) o glucose ◊ corn stover □ sugar beet pulp www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Cost of Manufacture (COM) at different plant capacities PBS PLA PLA/PBAT-based mulch film 5.00 3.00 3.30 3.10 Cost of manufacture ( €/ kg) Cost of manufacture ( €/ kg) 2.75 4.50 Cost of manufacture ( €/ kg) 2.90 2.50 4.00 2.70 2.25 3.50 2.50 2.00 3.00 2.30 1.75 2.10 2.50 1.50 1.90 2.00 1.25 1.70 1.50 1.00 1.50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Capacity (kt/year) Capacity (kt/year) Capacity (kt/year) o glucose ◊ corn stover □ sugar beet pulp www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Minimum Selling Price (MSP) at different plant capacities PBS PLA PLA/PBAT-based mulch film 4.70 3.00 3.00 Minimum selling price ( €/ kg) Minimum selling price ( €/ kg) 2.75 Minimum selling price ( €/ kg) 4.20 2.75 2.50 3.70 2.50 2.25 3.20 2.25 2.00 2.70 1.75 2.00 1.50 2.20 1.75 1.25 1.70 1.50 1.00 1.20 1.25 0.75 0.70 0.50 1.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Capacity (kt/year) Capacity (kt/year) Capacity (kt/year) o glucose ◊ corn stover □ sugar beet pulp* * considering that the sales price of pectin-rich extract is 4 €/kg in the case of PBS and mulch film production, while in the case of PLA production it is considered as 3 €/kg www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Metrics in the optimum plant capacity Poly(butylene succinate) – PBS Poly(lactic acid) – PLA OPC COM MSP DPP MFR OPC COM MSP DPP MFR (kt/year) (€/kg) (€/kg) (year) (kt/year) (kt/year) (€/kg) (€/kg) (year) (kt/year) Glucose 58.63 2.25 2.56 7 151.28 Glucose 50.00 1.27 1.48 7 64.84 Corn stover 58.53 2.19 2.74 9 314.67 Corn stover 50.00 1.33 1.66 12 134.88 Sugar beet Sugar beet 58.63 3.32 1.17 * 6 865.18 ** 50.00 1.88 0.98 * 6 370.85 ** pulp pulp *considering that the sales price of pectin-rich extract is 4 €/kg Bio-based PLA/PBAT-based mulch film for PBS and mulch film, and 3 €/kg for PLA ** considering that the SBP contains 70% water, which means OPC COM MSP DPP MFR that drying and pelletisation have not been carried out (kt/year) (€/kg) (€/kg) (year) (kt/year) OPC ꞉ Optimum Plant Capacity Glucose 52.76 1.72 1.87 6 71.45 COM ꞉ Cost of Manufacture MSP ꞉ Minimum Selling Price Corn stover 52.76 1.76 2.11 8 148.61 Discounted Payback Period DPP ꞉ Sugar beet 52.76 2.51 1.60 * 6 408.60 ** Minimum Feedstock Capacity Requirement MFR ꞉ pulp www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Ratio of feedstock capacity requirement to feedstock availability in the region Corn stover Availability Ratio France Romania Hungary (million t for 2018) PBS 0.08 0.06 0.13 France 3.80 Mulch 0.04 0.03 0.06 Romania 5.60 film PLA 0.04 0.02 0.06 Hungary 2.40 Sugar beet pulp Availability Ratio France Germany Poland (million t for 2018) PBS 0.12 0.18 0.33 France 2.34 Mulch 0.06 0.08 0.15 Germany 1.55 film PLA 0.05 0.08 0.14 Poland 0.85 www.STAR-ProBio.eu Funded by the EU H2020 Programme
Recommend
More recommend
