Agenda ASFT Surface Friction Tester, and Weather Systems Presentation ► Why Measure Friction? – Operational Measurement in Winter condition ALACPA – Calibration/maintenance measurement in non-winter condition ► Parameters that will influence the friction testing ► ASFT in Focus? ► ASFT Continuous Friction Measuring Equipment (CFME) ► ASFT Mk IV rear-axle system, and New Generation Computer ► Weather Monitoring Equipment ► Q&A Why Measure Friction? Why Measure Friction? -Operational measurement in winter condition -Operational measurement in winter condition Friction classification in Winter-Ops Measured Friction Value Braking action to be reported 0.40 or higher Good 0.39 to 0.36 Good to medium 0.35 to 0.30 Medium 0.29 to 0.26 Medium to Poor ► To control and guide the snow removal, and decing efforts 0.25 or lower Poor ► Objective is to achieve acceptable landing and take-off conditions for airplanes, but also at, high speed exit area, taxi-way and apron. ► Freqvency on test is correlated to change in weather conditions. This table was created after Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) sent out a questionnaire asking pilots how they experienced information on braking action, i.e. friction, and also on controllability in crosswind. 3000 answers were collected
Why Measure Friction? Why Measure Friction? -Calibration/maintenance measurement in non-winter condition -Calibration/maintenance measurement in non-winter condition Friction Deterioration ► The skid-resistance of runway pavement deteriorates due to a number of factors, the primary once being mechanical wear and polishing from aircraft tires rolling or braking on the pavement. ► Accumulation of contaminants, mostly rubber, but also dust particles, jet fuel, oil spillage, water, snow, ice, and slush, all cause friction loss on runway pavement surfaces. ► The most persistent contaminant problem is deposits of rubber from tires of landing jet aircraft. ► Rubber deposits occur at the touchdown, take-off and high speed exit areas on runways. ► The effects of these factors is directly dependent upon the volume and type of aircraft traffic. Why Measure Friction? Why Measure Friction? -Calibration/maintenance measurement in non-winter condition Directional Control and Braking Power ► Crosswind – The wind tries to push the aircraft towards the sides of the runway – The aircraft needs friction to stay on the runway – Less friction = less crosswind capability Crosswind ► Reduced chance of reporting a “biased” braking power for runway surface
Rubber deposits Why Measure Friction? Primary rubber deposit area ► FAA AC ► Main problems caused – 150.5200.30C (Operational/Winter Measuring) – 150.5320.12C (Maintenance Measuring) – Loss of braking action – Accident investigation – Loss of directional control Take off – Documents for Civil Litigation – Thermal up winds � These problems will increase exponentially during rain. Measurements are therefore always ► ICAO Annex 14 (Operational and Maintenance) done with water system to simulate rain for worst case scenario. – Accident investigation 4000 m – Documents for Civil Litigation ► UK CAA Cap 683 25 m – Maintenance – Accident investigation High speed exit area – Documents for Civil Litigation 500 m 300 m Touchdown Why Measure Friction? Why Measure Friction? - Calibration/maintenance measurement in non-winter condition -Calibration/maintenance measurement in non-winter condition ► Friction classification for Runway pavement surfaces: Number of Daily Minimum Turbojet Aircraft Minimum Friction Survey Frequency Landings Per Runway End ► At 65 km/h or 40 mph – 0.50 Minimum – 0.60 Maintenance Planning Less Than 15 1 Year – 0.82 New Design/Construction 16 To 30 6 Months ► At 96 km/h or 60 mph 31 To 90 3 Months – 0.34 Minimum – 0.47 Maintenance Planning 91 To 150 1 Months – 0.74 New Design/Construction 151 To 210 2 Weeks Greater Than 210 1 Week Source FAA AC 150/5320-12C. Section 1, Table 3-1.
Why Measure Friction? Average friction values Changi Airport, Runway 2, Direction 20L - Calibration/maintenance measurement in non-winter condition 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Before cleaning 0.1 After cleaning 0 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Parameters that will influence the friction ASFT in Focus testing ► Weather conditions, i.e. wet/dry/ice ► ASFT is a small company, but we are the largest, and leading ► Tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern CFME Manufacturer in the ► Measuring Speed World ► Micro and macro texture of the tested surface ► Head office and factory in Ystad, Sweden ► Frictional characteristics of the tested surface ► % braking slip on the test wheel (ASFT CFME has 13%) ► 17 years experience with develop and manufacture – If using one type of friction testing equipment then this will not be issue different kinds of CFME ► Type of friction testing equipment ► 300 units worldwide in more – If using one type of friction testing equipment then this will not then 35 countries be issue – Make sure it has participated in the JWRFMP and has a IFI
ASFT in Focus ASFT in Focus ASFT Inds. AB Factory (Sweden) ASFT & Saab Automobile AB 1 CEO 4 Managers 2 Admin/office ► The owners of ASFT acquired May 20th 2 Computer Engineers 1991 the Saab CFME division from Saab 1 Designer 4 SFT Specialists Automobile AB 3 Welders & CNC operators ► This since General Motors had acquired Saab Automobile AB, and did not want to keep any special vehicles ASFT Swiss AG USFT Inc. ASFT Service ► Manufacture 95% of all parts our selves Head office/Int Sales North American World Wide Service Distributor 1 CEO 2 Phone Support 2 Marketing Managers 3 Service Engineers 1 Sales Manager 2 Support Staff 1 Service Engineer ASFT in Focus ASFT T2GO CFME Introduction of project managers and executive personel ► Leif Graflind CEO e-mail: leif.graflind@asft.se ► Fredrik Graflind BDD e-mail: fredrik.graflind@asft.se ► Mats Balke CFO e-mail: mats.balke@asft.se ► Mats Andersson COO & Project Manager e-mail: mats.andersson@asft.se ► Magnus Josefsson Admin & Marketing Manager e-mail: magnus.josefsson@asft.se
ASFT T-10 Trailer CFME ASFT Saab 9-5 CFME ASFT Ford Taurus CFME ASFT VW Sharan CFME
ASFT Ford Galaxy CFME ASFT Skoda Octavia CFME T-5 Trailer CFME ASFT Measuring System ASFT Vehicle based CFME Advantages: ► Unmatched repeatability – 140 kilos absolutely constant vertical ground pressure on test wheel ► Ford Galaxy and VW Sharan has high seating level which makes it ideal as inspection vehicle ► Can be used as a Follow Me Vehicle ► Guaranteed constant ground contact pressure of test wheel at 140 kilos ► Can measure at 160 kph, and recommended maximum speed is 96 kph ► High-speed refilling of water tank ► 500-800 liter water tank capacity ► Saab available with 580 liter ► 1000 liter water tank capacity but with speed restrictions (Only available with Ford Galaxy)
ASFT Flow Chart for Vehicle Based CFME ASFT Trailer Measuring Systems Production Of Mk IV rear- Trailer Advantages: Axle and Computer Assemble ► Unmatched repeatability System Install Electrical system – 140 kilos absolutely constant vertical ground pressure on test wheel (T-10) 4 Weeks Install Mk IV rear axle – 100 kilos absolutely constant vertical ground pressure on test wheel (T-5) Testing & Project starts Delivery Site Training Review of Install Trimming 3 weeks ocean & Acceptance Project NG Computer ► Very stable in all speeds due to coil suspension system, weigh freight Install roof bar, 2-3 days 3 days 2 days distribution, load cell and hydraulic system Yellow painting, etc. Order Vehicle ► Height adjustable towing bar From 3 weeks Car dealer ► Free wheel-hub allows trailer to measure accurately even when turning. No change in slip ratio 12 Weeks Delivery time ► No rotation on test wheel when not measuring, so no wear and tear when not in operating mode ► Can measure at 160 kph, but recommended maximum speed is 96 kph Project time approximately 19 weeks ► Rotating light beacon ASFT Flow Chart for Trailer CFME ASFT Production, Computer and Mk IV rear-axle system. Production Of Mk IV rear- ► What makes the repeatability and reproducibility so high with ASFT CFME? Axle and Computer – Repeatability=When measurements are performed by a single operator using the same equipment System Assemble Install Electrical and within a short time. 3 Weeks system Install Mk IV rear – Reproducibility=When measurements are performed by different operators using different Testing & Project starts Delivery Site Training Review of axle Trimming 5 days air- & Acceptance Project equipments of same type, and with some lapse of time between them. Install NG freight Computer 2-3 days 3 days 2 days ► Answer: Our in-house production of all parts, and installation. The ASFT computer and 1 week Production of rear-axle system. Chassi s Yellow Painting, etc 3 Weeks Project time approximately 6 weeks
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