APPLICATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA IN MALAYSIA By James Dawos Mamit, Ph.D. Deputy Minister Deputy Minister Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 1 2014, Geneva
Total Land Area: 330,290 sq. km 13 States & 3 Federal Territories 13 States & 3 Federal Territories Sabah Peninsular Sarawak Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 2 2014, Geneva
For identifying abundance and locations of For identifying abundance and locations of natural resources. For determining strategic plan and sound For determining strategic plan and sound management practices for extraction of natural resources. natural resources. For identifying impacts of exploitation of natural resources on environmental health. For expedient and quick decisions and For expedient and quick decisions and actions. Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 3 2014, Geneva
Natural Resources in Malaysia Malaysia Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 4 2014, Geneva
Mineral Resource Mineral Resource Forest Resource Forest Resource Water Resource Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 5 2014, Geneva
Peninsular Malaysia: 5.789 mil. ha. 5.789 mil. ha. Sabah: 4.436 mil. ha. Sarawak: 10.095 mil. ha. Sarawak: 10.095 mil. ha. Total: 20.312 mil. ha. Permanent Forest Reserve: 12.739 mil. ha. Peninsular 4.793 mil. ha., Sabah 4.337 mil. ha., Sarawak 4.387 mil. ha. Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 6 2014, Geneva
Mangrove Forest Mangrove Forest Beach/Littoral Forest Forest Peat Swamp Forest Lowland Mixed Dipterocarp Forest Dipterocarp Forest Hill Mixed Dipterocarp Forest Dipterocarp Forest Montane and Sub- Montane Forest Montane Forest Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 7 2014, Geneva
Forest Industry contributed USD6.73 bil. Forest Industry contributed USD6.73 bil. to GDP and availed job opportunities to 500,000 Malaysians in 2012 500,000 Malaysians in 2012 Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 8 2014, Geneva
Over-exploitation in Over-exploitation in licensed concession areas concession areas Illegal Forest Illegal Forest Harvesting: 647 cases till 2013, 647 cases till 2013, Incurring losses USD10.91 mil. USD10.91 mil. Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 9 2014, Geneva
Remoteness Remoteness and Inaccessibility Inaccessibility Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 10 2014, Geneva
Metals: Non-Metals: Bauxite Rock Gold Gold Aggregates Aggregates Ilmenite Clay Iron Ore Coal Coal Manganese Feldspar Rare Earth Kaolinite Rutile Rutile Limestone Limestone Tin Mica Silver Sand and Struverite Struverite Gravels Gravels Zirkon Silica Sand Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 11 2014, Geneva
• Silica Sand 155,800,000 m/tons • Kaolinite 117,180,000 m/tons • Kaolinite 117,180,000 m/tons • Coal 970,570,000 m/tons • Iron Ores 50,000,00 m/tons • Iron Ores 50,000,00 m/tons Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 12 2014, Geneva
Industry Performance: Mining and Mining and Quarrying Sector contributed contributed USD2.09 bil. or 1.06% to GDP in 1.06% to GDP in 2011 289 mines in 2011 289 mines in 2011 7,053 workers Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 13 2014, Geneva
Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 14 2014, Geneva
Most valuable Most valuable natural asset to humans asset to humans Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 15 2014, Geneva
Annual Rainfall: 990 bil. m 3 Surface Runoff: 566 bil. m 3 Surface Runoff: 566 bil. m Evapo-transpiration: 360 bil. m 3 Groundwater Recharge: 64 bil. m 3 Groundwater Recharge: 64 bil. m Surface Artificuial Storage: 25 bil. m 3 (Dams) (Dams) Groundwater Storage: 5,000 bil. m 3 (Aquifers) (Aquifers) Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 16 2014, Geneva
Climate Change Climate Change Polluted and Unplanned developments Uncontrolled physical Uncontrolled physical Degraded Degraded activities by individuals and Quality groups groups Unethical actions Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 17 2014, Geneva
Current River Water Pollution: Out of 464 rivers, Out of 464 rivers, 59% clean 34% polluted 34% polluted 7% severely polluted Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 18 2014, Geneva
Putative relationship between forests and rainfall, i.e., decline in forest cover causes disruption in rainfall regimes (4% decline). Soil is less protected from torrential rains in denuded areas, causing severe surface run-offs and erosion. Much higher daily variation in ground temperature in denuded areas. Biodiversity loss. Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 19 2014, Geneva
Impact of Forest Exploitation on Hydrological System Hydrological System High river sedimentation loads and turbidity; landslides can increase river sediment loads landslides can increase river sediment loads by 5- to 50-fold directly after logging. Elevated sediment loads impair fish habitat, Elevated sediment loads impair fish habitat, heighten flood risk downstream, alter river-flow direction and speed, and increase river-flow direction and speed, and increase costs of treatment for potable water Supplies. Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 20 2014, Geneva
Discharge of mine effluent into rivers. Seepage from tailings and waste rock Seepage from tailings and waste rock impoundments. Sedimentation of rivers caused by poorly Sedimentation of rivers caused by poorly built roads during exploration and mine construction. construction. Various chemicals for processing finely ground ore-tailings discharfed into rivers. ground ore-tailings discharfed into rivers. Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 21 2014, Geneva
Remoteness and Inaccessibility: Remoteness and Inaccessibility: How and what to do??? Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 22 2014, Geneva
Geospatial technology is an essential component an essential component of Natural Resources Management Tools, as Management Tools, as natural resources are directly affected by directly affected by changes in the shape and extent of the and extent of the proposed disturbances. Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 23 2014, Geneva
The methods used for the measurement, The methods used for the measurement, analysis and visualization of features and phenomena that occur on Earth. phenomena that occur on Earth. Three commonly used technologies: Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Geographical Information Systems (GIS) (GIS) Remote Sensing (RS) Remote Sensing (RS) Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 24 2014, Geneva
Geospatial technologies provide the means Geospatial technologies provide the means to integrate diverse datasets based on their geospatial attributes, thus allowing for geospatial attributes, thus allowing for holistic analysis. Geospatial technologies make it possible to Geospatial technologies make it possible to observe remote and inaccessible places, thus making accurate and timely spatially distributed datasets readily available (eg., distributed datasets readily available (eg., open burning). Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 25 2014, Geneva
GPS is a network of GPS is a network of 2 dozens satellites, transmitting signals transmitting signals to GPS receivers, allowing them to allowing them to determine location, direction and speed. direction and speed. Geodetic control for surveying, engineering, mapping… engineering, mapping… USES USES Cadastr survey Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 26 2014, Geneva
Forest Resource and Environment: Land area and coverage, soil types, species Land area and coverage, soil types, species composition, topography, hydrography, infrastructure, rainfall. infrastructure, rainfall. Mineral Resource: Land area, soil chemistry, topography, rock formations and physical properties. formations and physical properties. Water Resource: Hydrography, aquifers and ground water, Hydrography, aquifers and ground water, topography. Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 27 2014, Geneva
Science and Techniques of obtaining geospatial Science and Techniques of obtaining geospatial information about a phenomenon without in contact with it (e.g., flood) contact with it (e.g., flood) Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 28 2014, Geneva
RS Applications for Natural Resources Management Management MINING: MINING: WATER WATER FORESTRY: FORESTRY: Identifying RESOURCE: Identifying rock Determination of forest types formations formations water water and Species and Species and minerals boundaries and Estimating Estimating Estimating surface areas surface areas timber timber mineral Mapping of volume and reserves reserves floods floods yield yield and flood plains ENVIRONMENT: Monitoring land degradation and pollution, water pollution, land degradation and pollution, water pollution, air pollution, open burning, impact of natural disasters… Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 29 2014, Geneva
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