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Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy Guillaume Blin January, 2019 Complexity, Algorithms, Automata and Logic Meet 2019 Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 1 / 28 Radiation Therapy Radiation

  1. Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy Guillaume Blin January, 2019 Complexity, Algorithms, Automata and Logic Meet 2019 Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 1 / 28

  2. Radiation Therapy Radiation Therapy Cancer treatment relying on radiations aiming at killing cancerous cells. Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 2 / 28

  3. Therapy modalities Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 3 / 28

  4. External beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 4 / 28

  5. External beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 4 / 28

  6. External beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 4 / 28

  7. External beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 4 / 28

  8. External beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 4 / 28

  9. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  10. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  11. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  12. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  13. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  14. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  15. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  16. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  17. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  18. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  19. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  20. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  21. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  22. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  23. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  24. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  25. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  26. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  27. Internal beam therapy Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 5 / 28

  28. Different particles Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 6 / 28

  29. Pros and Cons Figure 1: Taheri-Kadkhoda et al. Figure 2: UCLA Brachytherapy Radiation Oncology 2008 Program Protons and brachy therapies spare more healthy tissues Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 7 / 28

  30. Pros and Cons Figure 1: Protons center are expensive - 95 Millions euros, size of a building Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 7 / 28

  31. Pros and Cons Figure 1: Bragg peak Figure 2: Motion sensitivity Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 7 / 28

  32. Pros and Cons Figure 1: Brachy is invasive and needs catheter or needles to reach the tumor site Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 7 / 28

  33. Main common problem Take into account specificities between patients or along the treatment for a single one due to variance arising in Patient setup Patient breathing / coughing Patient heart-beat Patient discomfort Patient weight fluctuation Patient implants ... Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 8 / 28

  34. What about the algorithmic in all this ? Binary matrices Stringology Pathways in graph Big data Deep learning Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 9 / 28

  35. Multileaf collimators Optimize total and/or setup time Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 10 / 28

  36. Multileaf collimators Minimizing the total beam-on time is solvable in linear time Minimizing the total setup time is Strongly NP-hard even for matrices with a single row We investigated algorithmic aspects of two technological variants in Sofsem 2014 Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 11 / 28

  37. Multileaf collimators variants Figure 2: Rotating Collimator The Rotating MLC Decomposition problem is NP-Hard when minimizing either the total setup time or the total beam-on time Approximable with an additional overcost relative to size Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 12 / 28

  38. Multileaf collimators variants Figure 2: Multi-Layer Multileaf Collimator The Dual-MLC Decomposition problem is NP-Hard when minimizing the total setup time. Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 12 / 28

  39. Modulated brachytherapy Figure 3: Modulated brachytherapy Conformation to the shape of the tumor site In practice, computation are done relatively to dose absorption in water Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 13 / 28

  40. Tunable shield Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 14 / 28

  41. Tunable shield Circular integer word decomposition into circular binary words under constraints Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 15 / 28

  42. Tunable shield Circular integer word decomposition into circular binary words under constraints Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 15 / 28

  43. Tunable shield Circular integer word decomposition into circular binary words under constraints Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 15 / 28

  44. Tunable shield Circular integer word decomposition into circular binary words under constraints Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 15 / 28

  45. Tunable shield Circular integer word decomposition into circular binary words under constraints Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 15 / 28

  46. Tunable shield Circular integer word decomposition into circular binary words under constraints Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 15 / 28

  47. Tunable shield Circular integer word decomposition into circular binary words under constraints Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 15 / 28

  48. Tunable shield The shield configuration can be considered as fixed or dynamic Provided with or without rotation capabilities Allowing or not irradiation overdoses We investigated algorithmic aspects of those variants in IWOCA 2016 Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 16 / 28

  49. Known results Provided with one single fixed configuration Allowing overdose, it can be solved in O(N log N). Forbidding overdose, it can be solved in O(N) Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 17 / 28

  50. Known results Considering multiple shield configurations allowed Achieving the optimal difference between the prescribed dose and the actual total delivered dose using a minimal number of shield configurations Given an upper bound on the number of shield configurations, achieving the minimum reachable difference Both are NP-hard even when each shield sector is associated to a even number of consecutive patient volumes But can be approximated in polynomial time within a factor of log of the max prescribed dose of the optimum Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 18 / 28

  51. Customized cylindrical shields for brachytherapy Manufacturing a given single best shield for a given patient (3D Metal printing) Assume that the physical precision of our process is limited (lower bounds on the size of a closed or open sector of a produced shield) We investigated algorithmic aspects of the corresponding problem in CPM 2018 Guillaume Blin Algorithmic Challenges in Radiation Therapy January, 2019 19 / 28

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