Afghanistan Independent Land Authority Historic and current institutional developments in Afghanistan’s land sector By: Jawad Peikar CEO of Afghanistan Independent Land Authority Government Islamic Republic of Afghanistan April 22 nd , 2014 www.arazi.gov.af Committed to Social & Economic Growth یدﺎﺼﺘﻘا و یﻋﺎﻣﺘﺠا ﺪﺸر ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺘﻤ
Structure of Presentation 1 Afghanistan and Land Facts in a Glance; 2 Traditional Land Administration (Kings - 1933); Moderate Land Administration (1933 - 1978); 3 Radical Land Administration (1978 - 2001); & 4 Modern Land Administration (2001 - Up To Date). 5
1 Structure of Presentation - Afghanistan and Land Facts in a Glance
Afghanistan in a Glance
Afghanistan in a Glance Its history and culture goes back over 5,000 years; Its ancient name is Aryana, its medieval name is Khorasan and its modern name is Afghanistan; Afghanistan has been founded in 1747; It has been a buffer state between British and Russians and got its Independence in 1919; It has 32 million population with a majority under the age of 24 years; It is a 652,230 sqkm, land-locked country; GDP per Capita: $1,100 (2012 est); Afghanistan's living standards are among the lowest in the world
Land In a Glance There are 65 million hectares of total lands in Afghanistan; o 7.8 million hectares Agriculture lands; o 30 million hectares of pastures lands; o 8 million hectares of dessert lands; o 1.9 million hectares of forests; and o 17.5 million hectares of mountains, rivers shores, rocky areas. Between 1965 to 1978 only around 34% of Afghanistan lands had been surveyed; Only less than 30% properties in urban areas and less than 10% of properties in rural areas have been registered by official institutions of the state; More than 80% of lands in the country are unregistered; and Court has strong role in Land Administration in the country.
2 Structure of Presentation - Traditional Land Administration (Kings - 1933)
Highlights Of This Period: • Kings; • 1880, Taxation • Ministry of Finance; started on lands; and • Rights of • Tribes, jirgas and Ownership in1923; influential people • Traditional LM; & • New Policies & Land Implementing Private Ownership in 1921 Administration Institution Land Outcomes Concept • Taxation improved; • All lands considered state lands until • Private Ownership 1921; introduced legally; • Commodity taxation • Land distributed to until 1921; selected people; • Land as king gift; • Monetary taxation introduced, and • Land used for agriculture mostly. • Tax payers listed.
3 Structure of Presentation - Moderate Land Administration (1933 - 1978)
Highlights Of This Period: • Kings/President; • Modernization in LM and • Ministry of Interior LA; • Ministry of • Small LM Unit Finance; established; • High Council; • Upgraded to Directorate • Special Court • Cadastre Survey Institute; Land Implementing • 1965-1978 Administration Institution 33% surveyed Land Outcomes Concept • State, Public, Priva • Survey institute; te; • Professional Surveyor; • Land survey & Self • 33% lands surveyed; Reporting Taxation • Proper land books made; • Moderate re- and distribution and • Not sustainable LR Land Ceiling.
4 Structure of Presentation - Radical Land Administration (1978 - 2001)
Highlights Of This Period: • PDPA; • Radical land • Ministry of ceiling & re- Agriculture; and distribution; • Provincial and • Acquisition District level without Special compensation; Committees. • Conditional Land Implementing private ownership Administration Institution Constitution1980 Land Outcomes Concept • The land reform • was not Public, Cooperativ es & Private Lands; implemented in most part of the • Natural resources country; and buildings – state property; & • Stopped in 1987 and then in 1994 • Oxymoron Land by Mujaheedin. Regulatory
5 Structure of Presentation - Modern Land Administration (2001 up to date)
Highlights Of This Period: • MAIL; • Regulatory • Independent Land Environment Authority (ARAZI) Reform; • Proposed HCL; & • Non-biased Policies; and • Villages Commissions. • Follows International good Land Implementing practices. Administration Institution Land Outcomes Concept • New Policies; • Private, public, sta • IT component; te & proposed • Five Years Strategy; village lands; and • Governance; & • Modern approach. • Observe lessons learned from the past.
Modern Land Administration (2001 up to date) Afghanistan Land Policy Objectives prepares Land Administration for the future: Provide every Afghan with access to land; Promote and ensure a secure land tenure system; Encourage the optimal use of land resources; Establish an efficient system of land administration; and Ensure that land markets are efficient, equitable, environmentally sound and sustainable to improve productivity and alleviate poverty.
Modern Land Administration (2001 up to date) The Proposed Amendments for the LML Are Institutional: Administrative Land Administration; Village or Villages Special Lands; Village Land Commission; Gender neutrality; Fighting corruption provisions; More streamlining in Land Lease processes; Private sector allowed to do land survey; and Accepting customary documents as ownership documents.
Modern Land Administration (2001 up to date) The Proposed Amendments for the Land Acquisition Law are institutional: The law custodianship issue; Covers both rural and urban lands; Resettlement Section in the Law; Compensation for directly and indirectly affected people; Just, fair and market value compensation; Public consultation & public hearings; Land acquisition leads to welfare; and All kinds of occupants of lands considered for compensation.
Modern Land Administration (2001 up to date) Five Years Strategic Plan is a Roadmap For Strengthening Land Administration Institutions in the Country: Defines vision, mission and objectives; Vision: An independent, effective and An Operational Strategy to Become efficient public institution that provides a Modern Public transparent land services, contributing to Land Services stability and growth; Institution 2014 - 2018 Objectives: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary objectives
Modern Land Administration (2001 up to date) Merging of Cadastre Department was a good step toward strengthening Land Administration Institutions: Past Present Future Independent Land Authority One Stop Shop
Modern Land Administration (2001 up to date) ALRMIS Is an Enterprise Integration System: Workflow Workflow
Modern Land Administration (2001 – up to date) ARAZI is currently working with the USIP to develop a model for Land Disputes Resolution!
Modern Land Administration (2001 up to date) ARAZI is currently working with the World Bank to conduct LGAF in the country: An important step toward strengthening land administration institutions in the country and in establishing ARAZI as a transparent and clean land authority will be the application of the Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF).
Modern Land Administration (2001 up to date) ARAZI already has success stories to share: With ARAZI Land Lease Revenue Land Lease Process Has Been Has Increased Drastically! Streamlined! 52 $3,400,000 $4,000,000 60 S Revenue by $ 50 $3,000,000 40 t $2,000,000 30 e 9 20 $1,000,000 $140,000 p 10 $0 0 s Before ARAZI With ARAZI Before ARAZI With ARAZI Years Years
r What Makes Modern LA Different? We have Vision, Mission, Strategic Objective and Logical Framework to asses the progress against the “indicators” We believe that “Land Administration” is a administrative procedures and governance wise it is different from “LM”. We believe in “One Stop Shop” Land Administration. We believe Land Administration should be less costly and more effective and sustainable. We observe the “Lessons Learned” in the new policy initiatives for Land Administration Reform in the country. We have listed all our priorities for the coming five years under one strategic plan. We are committed to hear experts’ recommendations and consider international good practices in the reform process.
Afghanistan Independent Land Authority Thank You! یﺩﺎﺻﺗﻗﺍ ﻭ ﯽﻋﺎﻣﺗﺟﺍ ﺩﺷﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺣﺗﻣ Committed to Social & Economic Growth
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