NEUROBIOLOGY OF ADDICTION Prefrontal Cortex • Affect Dysregulation • Window of Tolerance • Internal Working Model • Developing Brain •
Shame psychologically =“Unseen” Neurologically = Ventral Tegmental – In high stress environments the dopaminergic system over pruning occurs in the first 3 years of life. Therefore, while constitutional factors (DNA) start the production of neurons, it is the environment which is responsible for the “Blooming & Pruning” of neurons and neural networks. Siegel 1999 That is the development of neural-networks (structure) and the beginnings of psychological structure Avoidance and Fear Conditioning Shame – Dan Siegel, MD Shame – Alan Schore, Ph.D BLOOMING AND PRUNING
PREFRONTAL CORTEX Functions: Right from wrong thinking • Morals and Values • Rational thinking • Judgement calls • Fully developed at age 25-26 • Affects from substance abuse: Stunted development • Tunnel vison • Promotes impulsive decisions • Instant gratification •
AFFECT DYSREGULATION
UNREGULATED CHILD
Hyper-arousal: Anxiety, Anger, Rage, High Alert, and Manic thoughts/behaviors. Arousal zone: a person is able to function most effectively. When people are within this zone, they are typically able to readily receive, process, and integrate information and otherwise respond to the demands of everyday life without much difficulty. Hypo-arousal: Tired/Lazy, Sadness/Depression, and Suicidal thoughts/Suicidal. WINDOW OF TOLERANCE
BUILDING HEALTHY REGULATION
John Bowlby : Attachment is a biological imperative: the bond of the infant to the caregiver is critical for physical and emotional survival. Because the infant MUST attach, the infant WILL adapt-for better or for worse-to the needs and vulnerabilities of the caregiver. Those behaviors, feelings, desires which can be contained in the relationship of the infant to the caregiver will be integrated by the infant; those that threaten the attachment bond will be defensively excluded, dissociated, disowned… ATTACHMENT SHAPES US!
UNDERSTANDING ATTACHMENT
Consistency Warmth Attunement (an internal connection) Mentalizing It builds the Internal Working Model (IWM) SECURE ATTACHMENT REQUIRES
EARNED SECURE ATTACHMENT
LINKING EARNED SECURE ATTACHMENT AND SOBRIETY
Senior Year 2002 Home Coming Princess Co-Captain Cheerleader
Reasons for denial: Shame/Guilt Examples of Denial: Avoidance Blaming Justifying Rationalizing Minimizing FACING THE TRUTH!
VAPING National Institute on Drug Abuse 15
“NICKED OUT” 50 MG 16
VAPE JUUL, BREEZES, & SUORIN DROP 17
LONG TERM AFFECTS FROM VAPING When inhaled, diacetyl causes bronchiolitis obliterans - more commonly referred to as " popcorn lung " - a scarring of the tiny air sacs in the lungs resulting in the thickening and narrowing of the airways. ... Even though we know that diacetyl causes popcorn lung , this chemical is found in many e-cigarette flavors. WHEEZING THAT IS NOT RELATED TO ANOTHER HEALTH CONDITION, SUCH AS BRONCHITIS OR ASTHMA DRY COUGH SHORTNESS OF BREATH OR DIFFICULTY BREATHING DEEPLY, ESPECIALLY WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY UNEXPLAINED EXHAUSTION RAPID BREATHING PERSISTENT SKIN, EYE, MOUTH, OR NOSE IRRITATION IF CAUSED BY A CHEMICAL
Starting in 2010 a Teen is more likely to use marijuana for the first time over alcohol or nicotine. TRENDS
When asked, only about 1 in 14 teens say they used marijuana in the past month. 1 So, if you were thinking everyone uses marijuana, they don’t. Some think marijuana is okay to use because it's "natural." But not all natural plants are good for you — take tobacco, for example. Some teens believe marijuana can't be that harmful if states are legalizing it. Legal or not, one real risk is addiction. In 2016, around 4 million people ages 12 and older had a marijuana use disorder. The most severe form also is known as an addiction. 1 Research also shows that marijuana can harm the developing teen brain. STATS ON MARIJUANA NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE (NIDA)
Marijuana users Proposition 64 legalized the recreational use of marijuana for adults aged 21 years or older, permitting smoking in a private home or at a business licensed for on-site marijuana consumption. Smoking was to remain illegal while driving a vehicle, anywhere smoking tobacco is, and in all public places. Up to 28.5 grams of marijuana and 8 grams of concentrated marijuana are legal to possess under this measure. However, possession on the grounds of a school, day care center, or youth center while children are present remains illegal. An individual is permitted to grow up to six plants within a private home as long as the area is locked and not visible from a public place. [3] Marijuana sellers According to this proposition, businesses needed to acquire a state license to sell marijuana for recreational use. Local governments could also require them to obtain a local license. Businesses were not authorized by the proposition to sell within 600 feet of a school, day care center, or youth center. [3] The initiative also prevented licenses for large-scale marijuana businesses for five years in order to prevent "unlawful monopoly power." [8] Marijuana regulation The Bureau of Medical Cannabis Regulation was renamed the Bureau of Marijuana Control and became responsible for regulating and licensing marijuana businesses. [3] Counties and municipalities were empowered to restrict where marijuana businesses could be located. Local governments were also allowed to completely ban the sale of marijuana from their jurisdictions. Moreover, local jurisdictions were allowed by the measure to "reasonably regulate" the personal growth, possession, and use of marijuana plants allowed by Prop. 64. PROP 64 LAWS – BALLOTPEDIA
MARIJUANA POTENCY 22
1990’S MARIJUANA VS TODAY’S!
MARIJUANA PARAPHERNALIA
DAB Pen THC Wax 25
EDIBLES- AVG. 100 MLG
Absorption Time can be 45 Minutes What happens when kids don’t feel the desired effect after 15 minutes? Dosing – Grain of rice Panic attacks Psychosis Watch! “The other side of cannabis documentary” EDIBLES
MARIJUANA AND THE YOUNG BRAIN 2 Years to leave the brain
ALCOHOL- JAIL, PRISON, OR DEATH!
BOYS VS GIRLS DRINKING NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM
Long term affects: Where you do it? Anxiety Rave Depression Music Festivals Memory loss Dances MOLLY
Hallucinogens are a diverse group of Hallucinogens interfere with actions of drugs that alter perception, thoughts, brain chemicals responsible for and feelings. They cause functions that include: mood hallucinations , or sensations and images that seem real though they sensory perception are not. Some hallucinogens also sleep cause users to feel out of control or disconnected from their body and body temperature environment. muscle control People use hallucinogens in a wide pain perception variety of ways, including smoking, snorting, and absorbing through the memory lining in the mouth. LSD, DMT, DXM, & SALVIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE (NIDA)
T HE EFFECTS OF HALLUCINOGENS CAN BEGIN WITHIN 20 TO 90 MINUTES AND CAN LAST AS LONG AS 6 TO 12 HOURS. ALONG WITH HALLUCINATIONS, OTHER SHORT-TERM GENERAL EFFECTS OF HALLUCINOGENS INCLUDE: INCREASED HEART RATE NAUSEA INTENSIFIED FEELINGS AND SENSORY EXPERIENCES CHANGES IN SENSE OF TIME PERSISTENT PSYCHOSIS AND FLASHBACKS ARE TWO LONG-TERM EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME HALLUCINOGENS. EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT CERTAIN HALLUCINOGENS CAN BE ADDICTIVE OR THAT PEOPLE CAN DEVELOP A TOLERANCE TO THEM. LONG TERM AFFECTS- SPEECH PROBLEMS, MEMORY LOSS, WEIGHT LOSS, AND DEPRESSION/SUICIDAL THOUGHTS.
Lean/ purple juice, dirty sprite Xanax-Bars / zanz, zani bars, school bus, yellow boys, holks, bicycle parts, sticks, and bars OTHER DRUGS
VICODIN-OXYCONTIN-HEROIN 36
Stages of Substance Substance Abuse Abuse Using despite consequences Emotional illness Experimentation Values Change Stops emotional growth A one time event Distortion of emotions “I don’t care” -attitude Misuse Infrequent use Chemical Dependency Preoccupation Consequences Loss of control PEOPLE ARE NOT HOOKED ON DRUGS THEY ARE HOOKED ON INTOXICATION
Genetic Hx #1 predictor of addiction in Combination of drugs current research In an adolescent’s environment, Early on-set of first use the purpose of use is for intoxication #2 predictor of addiction in current research Our Culture – • Media, Propositions, An undeveloped brain Systems Stimulant drugs • accelerate the progression VARIABLES CONTRIBUTING TO RAPID PROGRESSION
Age At Onset of First 60 50 40 Individual % of Addiction 30 With 20 Family History 10 0 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Age of First Use
Family Self Money Spirituality School Sexuality Sports Additional Examples Legal Health Mental Health Friends BREAKING DOWN DENIAL
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