Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality in Landlocked Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities UNCCD COP 12 ANKARA, TURKEY M. D CHASI DIRECTOR GENERAL; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AGENCY ema@ema.co.zw
Background ´ Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. ´ Borders South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique to the east. ´ The capital and largest city is Harare. ´ Covers an area of 390,757KM2
Challenges TRADE RELATED MATTERS ´ Remoteness from major international markets, ´ Inadequate transport infrastructure, ´ High transport and transaction costs. Consequently ´ High costs of access to world economy, ´ Inability to benefit substantially from external trade through marine transport systems affecting the country`s development prospects and, ´ High cost of achievement of internationally-agreed goals including Land Degradation Neutrality
Challenges cntd…. CLIMATE CHANGE & DLDD RELATED MATTERS ´ Increased Vulnerability to climate change, ´ Increased vulnerability to Desertification Land Degradation & Drought( DLDD). KEY DRIVERS : examples to illustrate the issues erosion ´ Invasive alien species ´ Veld fires
Droughts and Floods ´ Fragile ecology ´ Rising temperatures (0.9°C from 1901 – 2012) ´ Variable rainfall (no clear trend, but increase in extreme events – heavy rainfall, dry spells) ´ High evaporation ´ The last two decades 1990-2000 and 2000-2010 had more years in the drought category than other decades
Droughts & floods Grade ¡ Extreme ¡ Severe ¡ Mild ¡Drought ¡ ¡ ¡ Drought ¡ Drought ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Flood/Drought ¡ 1983, ¡1992 ¡ 1968, ¡1973, ¡ 1951, ¡1960, ¡1964, ¡1965, ¡ years ¡ 1982, ¡2004 ¡ 1970, ¡1984, ¡1987,1991, ¡ 1995, ¡2002, ¡2003, ¡ 2005 ¡, ¡2007, ¡2008,2009, ¡ 2010 ¡ Total ¡No ¡of ¡ Occurrences ¡ 2 ¡ 4 ¡ 16 ¡ % ¡Total ¡of ¡ 3.3% ¡ ¡ 6.7% ¡ 26.7% ¡ all ¡drought ¡ years ¡ experienced ¡
COSTS OF DROUGHTS ´ Between 1980 and 2013 six (6) drought events affected 14.8 million people caused damage worth $55 m. ´ One flood affected 30,000 people and caused damage worth $3.6 million ´ Reduced carrying capacities: ´ From: 1LU:12ha ´ To: 1LU: Cant sustain
Opportunities ´ Global Partnerships The Vienna Programme of Action with set objectives to: ´ promote structural economic transformation, ´ special emphasis on industrialization, value ‐ addition, value chains and, ´ institutional and human capacity development. ´ Sub Regional Blocks i.e SADC feeding into the Global Target ´ National Sub- Regional Global
Alignment to National Priorities ´ An economic blue print; Zimbabwe Agenda for Socio-Economic Transformation (Zim Asset): October 2013-December 2018. ´ Clusters : Food Security & Nutrition; Value addition & Beneficiation; Social services & poverty eradication. ´ In pursuit of a new trajectory of accelerated economic growth and wealth creation, ´ Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-economic Transformation was crafted to : ´ Achieve Sustainable Development and social equity anchored on; ´ Indigenization, empowerment and employment creation which is, ´ Largely propelled by the judicious exploitation of the country’s abundant natural and human resources.
ZimASSET
Alignment to National Priorities ´ Zimbabwe United Nations Development Action Framework( ZUNDAF) ´ Sector policies i.e Agriculture, Food & Nutrition, Water, Microfinance, Environment, ´ Zimbabwe Agriculture Investment Programme (ZAIP), Disaster risk reduction ´ National Climate Change Response Strategy ´ Second National Communications (2012) ´ UNCCD National Action Plan-still to be aligned with the LDN targets
Investments to improve productivity ´ A case of Chiredzi ; Coping with Drought and Climate Change ´ One of the most 60 vulnerable districts in the country ´ Climate adaptation project in the South Eastern Part of Zimbabwe Chiredzi District with 3000 direct beneficiaries, ´ Interventions included, captive crocodile breeding,, community based wild life management programme ´ improved crop production through irrigation development crop diversification Cassava production, small grain crops and livestock intervention, community fisheries project. ´ Capacity building of service institutions, research, early warning systems for communities, empowerment of commnuties. Policy interventions. ´ Time consuming, expensive, but makes a difference on the ground on peoples lives and the economy. ´ HOWEVER MORE INVESTMENT IS STILL REQUIRED
´ THANK YOU
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