A self scale Z-pinch Scalability, Similarities and Differences in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A self scale Z-pinch Scalability, Similarities and Differences in Plasma Focus Devices: Diagnostics Basic Research and Applications Part 2 Leopoldo Soto Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear (CCHEN) Center for Research and Aplications in Plasma Physics and Pulsed Power, P4 Santiago, Chile LEOPOLDO.SOTO@CCHEN.CL L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

Topics Part 1. Basic concepts. Z-pinch, pulsed power, plasma focus. Part 2. How to obtain information from a dense transient plasma? Plasma diagnostics Basic Research and Applications Part 3. How to design and to build a small plasma focus? Tricks and Recipes L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

Part 2: outline • How to obtain information from a dense transient plasma? Plasma diagnostics • Basic research: • Plasma dynamics, singularities structures, filaments, schoks, jets • Applications: • As x-rays and neutron sources • To study materials for fusion reactors • Film deposition • To study the effects of puldsed radiation on life matter • Plasma thrusters for nanosatellites L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

How to obtain information from a dense transient plasma Diagnostics • Electrical signals • Visible plasma images • X-ray detections (temporal and spatial resolution) • Neutron detection (in particular low yield pulses) • Charged particles • Optical refractive diagnostics • Spectroscopy L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

Electrical signals R  V 2 V 2 1  R R 1 2 Voltage monitor: resistive divider V  dI/dt Current monitor: Rogowski coil Fig. 3.3 : Estructura básica de una bobina Rogowski . L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

Electrical signals F. Veloso, C. Pavez, J. Moreno, V. Galaz, M. Zambra and L. Soto, Journal of Fusion Energy 31 , 30-37 (2012) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

Electrical signals L p (t) = (  0 / 2  ) z(t) ln( b/r(t) ) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

Visible plasma images Images from plasma light are captured with a ICCD camera, 4ns exposure time • Plasma Dynamics J. Moreno, P. Silva, and L. Soto, Plasma Sources Science and Technology 12 , 39 (2003) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

X-rays and neutron detection 20 6 1.2x10 Voltage (kV) 10 6 PF-400J 1.0x10 0 5 8.0x10 Y 5 0.8 6.0x10 0.4 12 A/s) 5 4.0x10 Photomultipliers 0.0 dI/dt (10 Neutron yield, Y: + 5 2.0x10 -0.4 Scintilators Silver activation 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 counters Pressure (mbar) 0 9 FM2 (volt) -1 3 He tubes 8 -2 7 6 -3 Time of fligth 5 0.0 4 FM2 (volt) 3 -0.4 2 68 ns -0.8  L = 1.5 m SHOT84 1 270603 0 200 400 600 0 t (ns) 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 PF-400J energy (M eV) P. Silva, J. Moreno, L. Soto, L. Birstein, R. Mayer, and W. Kies, App. Phys. Lett. 83, 3269 (2003) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

Optical refractive diagnostics  2 1    p 1 e  2 2       16  2 1 4 , 49 10 n e e Shadowgraph Schlieren Interferometry d z x    1  I 2 2 2  2         ( / x ) dz       l ( x , y , z ) dy ( ( x , y , z ) ) dx x   0  I 0 x z 1 1 L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

PF-400J 12 column length (with interferometry) Radial Dynamic in D 2 6 column length (with Schlieren) 10 8 Radius column (mm) 4 z c (mm) 6 4 2 2 4 +/- 0.8x10 4 m/s v m =-8x10 0 0 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 t (ns) t (ns) t (ns) t (ns) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

PF-400J t =4  4 ns 12 mm p = 5 mbar (H 2 ); t= 4 ns ; z p = 4 mm 25 1,0x10 z = 1.5 mm z = 0.6 mm 24 8,0x10 24 6,0x10 -3 ) n e ( m 24 4,0x10 24 2,0x10 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 r ( mm ) C. Pavez and L. Soto, Physica Scripta T131 , 014030 (2008) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

PF-50J Radial and pinch phase occurs during the last 55ns before the first quarter of period (~150 ns). After column disruption, remaining plasma propagates in the axial direction as a shock wave, but no structure is observed on the axis at the anode end. A. Tarifeño, C. Pavez, J. Moreno and L. Soto, IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, 39 , 756 (2011) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

PF-50J A. Tarifeño, C. Pavez, J. Moreno and L. Soto, IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, 39 , 756 (2011) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

PF-400J Filaments Visible images -16ns - 6ns 49ns Schlieren Interferogram Filaments diameter  300  m, n e  10 25 m -3 L. Soto, C. Pavez, F. Castillo, F. Veloso, J. Moreno, S. K. Auluck, Physics of Plasmas 21, 072702 (2014) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

Neutron energy distribution and temporal correlations with hard x-ray emissio n on 400J J. Moreno, F. Veloso, C. Pavez, A. Tarifeño-Saldivia, D. Klir, and L. Soto, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 57, 035008 (2015) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

Neutron energy distribution and temporal correlations with hard x-ray emissio n on PF-400J A C These results not only show differences in the production time of hard x-rays and neutrons, but also some correlation on the neutron energy and the t N − t X time difference in both directions (i.e., the larger neutron energy corresponds to later times with respect to hard x-rays emission). The axial-to-radial ratio of both total neutron yield and neutron energies indicates anisotropic emission, which is consistent with a 100 keV kinetic B energy of the deuterons in the axial direction. The energy spread among different shots was ~0.5 MeV in the axial direction which is 2.5 times the spread in the radial direction. Furthermore, temporal differences on hard x- rays and neutron production over each direction are found. These differences show correlation with neutron energies. This could be related to the existence of two temporally separated neutron production times corresponding to different moments during the plasma focus discharge. J. Moreno, F. Veloso, C. Pavez, A. Tarifeño-Saldivia, D. Klir, and L. Soto, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 57, 035008 (2015) L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy

L. Soto Joint ICTP-IAEA College on Plasma Physics Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Laboratory 29 October to 9 November, 2018 Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission Trieste, Italy