A. Rodi ć , M. Vujovi ć , M. Jovanovi ć , I. Stevanovi ć
INTRODUCTION A human-centric, social, care-robot for attendance of the elderly and people with reduced ability New design of personal robot assistants operating in the it area as part of a structured wireless robotic sensor networks in indoor environments Artificial intelligence algorithms further enhanced by emotional intelligence Robot working in the context of smart home environment
STATE OF THE ART Prototypes to provide automated assistance to the elderly at home, targeting a market that promises to grow as people live longer The examples which are in commercial use are rare because there are still significant technological constraints Care-O bot 4 (http://www.care-o-bot-4.de/) Caring and socially interacting robots has a more adaptable personality than any of its predecessors from this family of robots
STATE OF THE ART Pepper (https://www.aldebaran.com/en/a-robots/who-is-pepper) Cloud-based AI system so that units learn from one another Reportedly learns from human interactions, with each experience helping to teach a cloud-based ai shared by all units. It has fully articulated arms and hands but moves about on wheels hidden under a curved plastic skirt. Paro (http://www.parorobots.com/) Animal therapy to be administered to patients in environments such as hospitals and extended care facilities where live animals present treatment or logistical difficulties
STATE OF THE ART Kompaï (http://www.robosoft.com/robotic- solutions/healthcare/kompai/kompai-rd.html) Family members would call the robot via Skype. The robot would then use ultrasonic sensors to detect the location of the person being called and navigate to that person, who answers the Skype videoconference call via Kompaï's multitouch tablet PC and Webcam. Interactive speech recognition would be available to help elderly or otherwise dependent people access the Internet using a simple graphic and tactile interface. PR-2 (http://www.clearpathrobotics.com/pr2/) PR2 is a robotics platform being developed at Stanford University. PR stands for "personal robot".
REQUIREMENTS
MECHANICAL DESIGN Concept design New mechanical structure of a robot that meets ergonomic standards adapted to the patient. Good ergonomic characteristics of robots allow better support for patients while walking and relatively easy to use services. Built-in security features such as emergency for medical services, emergency call to family members, etc Artificial intelligence algorithms further enhanced by emotional intelligence that enables better adaptability to different personality profiles of patients, the type of personality and temperament
MECHANICAL DESIGN Basic parts 1. Robotic head that rotates 360 degrees 2. Touchscreen 3. Robot arm with 5 DOF 4. Handles for patient to lean on 5. Robotic hand – gripper 6. Net for objects that robot brings to the patient 7. Circle element with cameras mounted on it 8. Wheels 9. Movable tray
MECHANICAL DESIGN Basic parts Side View Top View
MECHANICAL DESIGN The Robot Head The robot head contains: (i) kinematic mechanism with 1 DOF, (ii) touch screen for command input and information, (iii) three wide-band professional-grade microphones with increased sensitivity, (iv) optional visual depth sensor placed on the crown of the head. The robot is equipped with the appropriate led illumination around touch screen insuring its functioning in the conditions of reduced ambient light
AMBIENT ASSISTED LIVING Smart Home Support daily life activities of elderly people by creating a living environment supported by different technologies including different sensor modalities and service robots. Implementing the sensing and communication systems that can detect user activity Changes and actions in an environment that contribute to space becoming adaptable in accordance with its function that must be satisfied Adaptive systems, where the context is customizable, and adjustment is done by integrating circuitry in an intelligent system that is called informatically structured space Intelligent environment serves to enable easier and more fully performing specific functions for service robots when it comes to helping patients
AMBIENT ASSISTED LIVING Smart home Example of ambient assisted living unit containing basic functional units of a simple household
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Embedded personality The objective of this research is to enable enhanced affective and social capabilities of service robot used for elderly care Cloud-robotics structure that connects robots to a cloud computing and allow robots to off-load more computationally intensive tasks and even originate more flexible and cooperative machine learning mechanism Robot can be accessed from anywhere and at any time through the web interfaces Building of affective and social capabilities with care-robots requires development of emotional intelligence controller (EI-controller). Robots achieve better social inclusion into the living environments and better adaptability to other persons.
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Embedded personality
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Embedded personality Man's psychological (affective and social) behavior depends on several dominant factors which are acquired by birth or are formed in the course of life or are a result of the current internal state of the personality (physical and / or mental). The factors determining a man's behavior are: personality type, type of temperament, internal stimuli and social factors Robot uses sensors attached on its body, cameras and appropriate sensors placed in the working space and noninvasive sensors placed on the patient's body attached by adequate belts and connected wirelessly. Human-like affective or social reactions are based on three dominant excitation signals (information carriers): (i) “ trigger ” of behavior (that arouses different psychological reactions), (ii) “ profiler ” (that shapes event-driven emotional state (es) to fit the personality profile of the individual), (iii) behavior “ booster ” or behavior “ inhibitor ” (that increases or decreases the expressiveness of the individual affective manifestations).
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Embedded personality
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Embedded personality
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Factors that influence human behavior The Myers-Briggs type indicator sorts some of psychological differences into four opposite pairs, called dichotomies and accordingly there are: Extraverted (E) or Introverted (I) , Sensing (S) or iNtuitive (N) , Thinking (T) or Feeling (F) and Judging (J) or Perceiving (P) types of personality traits. By their combination it is possible to recognized 16 different psychological types characterized by different personality types such as INTJ, ESFP, ESTJ, etc. 4 Types of Temperament: Sanguine , Choleric , Melancholic , Phlegmatic
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Personality traits - features Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I) • Talkative and sociable • Private • Expressive Reserved • • Would rather speak than listen • Would rather listen than speak Comfortable around people • • Tire quickly in social settings • Dislike being alone • Comfortable being alone • Get energized by communicating • Get energized by being alone with other people • Think before speaking • Think while speaking
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Personality traits - features Sensing vs. iNtuitive • Spend most of the time focusing • Spend most of the time focusing on what can be touched, seen or on what can be imagined experienced • More interested in ideas than More interested in practical • practical matters matters than ideas • Head in the clouds • Down-to-earth • More imaginative than observant • More observant than imaginative • Focus on the future • Focus on the past or the present See the bigger picture, but might • • Notice the details, but might miss miss details the bigger picture • Trust instinct Trust experience •
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Personality traits - features Feeling vs. Thinking • Listen to the heart • Listen to the head • Kind • Tough Closer to “ bleeding heart ” Closer to “ ice in the veins ” • than • than “ ice in the veins ” “ bleeding heart ” Sensitive to criticism Insensitive to criticism • • • Emotional reaction to conflicts • Rational reaction to conflicts • Want to be seen as warm, • Want to be seen as rational, calm sensitive and sincere and just • Compassion above truth • Truth above compassion
EMBEDDED PERSONALITY IN ROBOTS Personality traits - features Perceiving (P) vs. Judging (J) • Focus on options • Focus on schedules • Do not mind unpredictability • Cannot stand unpredictability • Playful about work • Very serious about work • Dislike long-term plans • Make long-term plans Not that worried about order Orderly • • • Indecisive • Inflexible • Dislike rules • Like rules
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