3/19/2010 The Bagrada Bug, a New Invasive Pest of Cole Crops John - PDF document

3/19/2010 The Bagrada Bug, a New Invasive Pest of Cole Crops John Palumbo, Yuma Ag Center University of Arizona, Yuma J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona Harlequin bug Bagrada bug Murgantia histronica Bagrada hilaris 1

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona It was common to see the small stink bug walking on the bed surface, and not unusual to find mating pairs walking on plants and soil surfaces J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona • Bagrada bugs will lay eggs on the leaves, and in the soil underneath the plants . • A single female can lay as many as 100 eggs within 2 to 3 weeks. • The incubation period is 4 to 8 days . • This eggmass was found on a broccoli cotyledon in the Yuma Valley. 2

3/19/2010 Here is the same egg mass ‐ after 4 days at room temperature. J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona Although mating was obviously occurring, we did not observe any egg masses on the plants. The above image shows what we presume is a neonate, newly hatched nymph found crawling on the soil surface. Note its size relative to the knife blade. 3

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona Bagrada bug - biology ( India / Pakastan) Egg hatch Nymph development Pre-oviposition period Development Time (days) 30 20 10 0 75 o F 86 o F 95 o F Average Temperature 4

3/19/2010 Bagrada bug - biology ( India / Pakastan) Egg hatch Adult Longevity (days) Nymph development 30 Pre-oviposition period Development Time (days) 25 30 20 15 20 10 10 5 0 75 o F 0 95 o F 86 o F 75 o F 86 o F 95 o F Average Temperature Average Temperature Bagrada bug - biology ( India / Pakastan) Egg hatch Adult Longevity (days) Fecundity (eggs / female) Nymph development 30 Pre-oviposition period Development Time (days) 199 95 25 30 20 15 20 45 10 10 5 0 75 o F 0 95 o F 86 o F 75 o F 86 o F 95 o F Average Temperature Average Temperature 5

3/19/2010 Host Range Cruciferous Agronomic canola chard potaoto broccoli mizuna maize cauliflower bok choy sorghum cabbage napa cotton broccoflower arugula legumes (?) kale mustards wheat turnips rutabaga pearl millet radish collards Capers p Host Range Weeds lambsquarter black mustard purple nutsedge Euphorbia spp. perennial sowthistle field bindweed shepardspurse (?) J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona 6

3/19/2010 Host Range *** Major pest of Canola & Brassica seed crops Symptoms / Damage J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona 7

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona Damage on leaves might be mistaken for herbicide damage (e.g., Goaltender) 8

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona 9

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona Injured Plants (%) 100 Wilted Terminal Dead Terminal 80 60 40 20 0 2 days 3 days 2 days 3 days Check Infested Plants (no adults) (1 adult / plant) J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona 10

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona Adult bragada bug feeding on broccoli cotyledon, Coachella Valley, CA, Sep 2009. Note: the mouthparts underneath head inserted into leaf tissue (arrow) 11

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona 12

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona 13

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona 3 2 1 4 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona 14

3/19/2010 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona This is your Broccoli J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona 15

3/19/2010 This is your Broccoli on bagrada bugs 4 3 8 5 2 7 6 1 J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona Are Bagrada bugs more active at Night ? Consperse stink bug Euschistus conspersus 16

3/19/2010 Are Bagrada bugs more active at Night ? Southern Green Stink Bug Nezara virdula Effective Chemical Control – India and Pakastan OP / CH Seed Carbamates Pyrethroid Treatments Others Lorsban Warrior Azodrin Garlic Azodrin Mustang phosphamidon Pepper Endosulfan Asana carbosulfan Soap MSR Danitol lindane Tobacco lindane fluvalinate Neem malathion pyrethrin Sevin Economic Threshold: dichlorvos -Seedlings: 1 bug/m 2 -Larger plants: 3 bugs phosalone MSR 17

3/19/2010 Bagrada bugs / 20 plants 2.0 3 DAT Trial I 5 DAT 1.5 - Sep 24, 2009 - broccoli 1.0 - cotyledon stage - 20 GPA 0 5 0.5 0.0 NAI 2302 Belay Brigade Untreated 2.0 2 DAT Trial II 3 DAT 1.5 5 DAT - Sep 29, 2009 - Sep 29 2009 - cabbage 1.0 - cotyledon - 24 GPA 0.5 0.0 Mustang Brigade Lannate Untreated 4 oz 5 oz 0.5 lb Bagrada Bugs Alternatives for Bagrada bug Control in Desert Cole Crops Lannate Lorsban Diazinon Orthene 1 Warrior Mustang Max Asana Voliam Xpress Venom 2 Assail Belay Belay • All of these products have shown good control of Harliquin bug in the southern and eastern U.S. 18

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