#1ineveryclassroom - - - - -50 shades of muddy green David Featonby Science on Stage UK and Eu da.featonby@gmail.com Louise Maule North Tyneside Learning Trust Louise.maule@ntlp.org.uk @LouiseMaule1
Colour is complex ! • People use colour to recognise objects (is that my coffee cup?) and to assess material properties (is this banana ripe? Is his skin jaundiced?) • The neural processes that underlie colour perception begin in the retina and continue through multiple areas of cortex. * But what we “see” may be just a little more complex than first thought
Colour Vision ..not so simple !!
Colour Vision ..not so simple !!
Colour vision is a complex phenomenon
What if your pupils don’t see what you see?
www.colourblindawareness.org
Colour Vision Deficiency • Inability to distinguish colours, for example red, green, orange, brown. • 1 in 12 boys or more, 1 in 200 girls. • (Approximately 2.7 million people in the UK) • Most are mild to moderate, but 25% are severe. • Not currently recognised as special educational need or disability. • Not routinely tested for in UK, or in many parts of Europe.
Different types Different severities External factors can affect colour perception, particularly for those with CVD
The genes for red / green colour vision are on the x-chromosome. For a female to be colour blind these genes must be present on both x chromosomes. A female can be a carrier.
• Trichromacy – ‘normal’ • Protanopia. Red light. Confuse blacks with reds. Dark browns, greens, blues, purples. • Deuteranopia. Green light. Confusion of reds and greens, blues and purples.
UNDERSTANDING CVD ………….. CONE SENSITIVITY • Trichromacy – ‘normal’ 3 cones working together • Protanopia. Red cone deficiency. • Deuteranopia. Green cone deficiency • Some mothers are tetrachromic which means they have an additional cone! Extra colour sensitive!
UNDERSTANDING CVD ………….. CONE SENSITIVITY in ANIMALS • Trichromacy – ‘normal’ 3 cones working together • Protanopia. Red cone deficiency. • Deuteranopia. Green cone deficiency • Some mothers are tetrachromic which means they have an additional cone! Extra colour sensitive!
A red rag to a bull ? This is what normal vision humans see This is what bulls see. Bulls are colour-blind. They charge the red cape because it is moving, not because it is red.
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• By secondary school, less than 50% of children with mild colour vision deficiency are aware of it, and 20 – 30% of severe cases are unaware.
An eccentric uncle , with no sense of colour or…..CVD ?
Kimberly Steward says her dad’s unique sense of colour comes from the fact that he is colour blind. Kimberly, revealed: 'Well, my dad is colour blind, so he puts extremely bright colours together. The house I grew up in was bright pink. It wasn't normal. The 35-year-old blonde told The Sunday Times Style magazine: 'He doesn't actually recognise the colour situation, so it's not as if he actually knows that he's taking a risk. Rod Stewart http://www.skynews.com.au/culture/showbi z/music/2015/07/29/singer-rod-stewart-is- colour-blind.html#sthash.6mZ1y0B9.dpuf
A novelty….? but….decisions will be more difficult
…Or a condition that could limit potential?
A problem in sport….??
or geography..
But there can be advantages …. Spot the spider !
John Dalton Bill Clinton Jamie Oliver* Scientist USA President *UK chef
Colour blue the balloon with the largest number. Colour green the balloon with the smallest number. Colour yellow the balloon with the number in between. Is this boy silly? Naughty? Did he not listen or pay attention? Or is it that he just likes red?
Is the liquid a strong acid, weak acid, or neutral? How difficult is this task for someone with CVD? How easy is the task for normal vision
The spectrum Protanopia simulation What will a CVD pupil see?
Identification What will a CVD pupil see?
Shows ‘ Silly’ mistakes Lazy frustration Inattentive Does not help to tidy up (into coloured boxes) Does not listen Does not follow instructions Doesn’t try, Poor, or Does not take and rushes inappropriate part, or is their work presentation disruptive
A child with colour vision deficiency may try and hide it. They may not be able to put it into words, and will develop coping strategies. It can also frustrate both the teacher and the child when it appears they can sometimes do a task, and other times not.
Impact on self esteem
How mig ight you be in inadvertently making lif life dif ifficult for your colo lour bli lind pupils? – use a traffic light system for assessment? – place pots of mixed unlabelled coloured pencil crayons on tables? – have coloured labels on library books to indicate different reading levels? – use games e.g. counting games with coloured counters? – use worksheets/software which rely on colour? – use books which highlight familiar sounds using colours? – highlight teaching points in red and green on the white board or in books?
By the end of the lesson you will be able to: • Define key words from the unit • Apply the key words when explaining
Colour coded marking will have less, or no, impact on a colour blind child.
Deuteranopia ? Normal vision
What areas of your subject might be affected? • Reading litmus paper accurately • Undertaking chemical titrations in practical chemistry • Identification of metals by the colour of the flame produced when the metal is burnt • Accurately reading stained slides under a microscope • Carrying out dissections in biology • Identification of species of plants or insects correctly • Fully understanding coloured diagrams in textbooks, particularly in biology, nature • Use of prisms in physics. • Wiring of plugs in electricity etc
Electric Wiring UK …. with NORMAL VISION Pre 1980 Now
Electric Wiring Deuteranopia
Electric Wiring Now Normal Deuteranopia
Displays, animations, and websites can all pose problems for children with colour vision deficiency .
Top tips • Awareness is the most important. • NOT extra time • The sight of the pupil is not the • Natural light problem • Secondary indicators . e.g. signs on labels, or underline words • Don’t try and do the testing • Yellow, blue and white yourself • Colour buddy • Don’t make a big deal of it • Clear boundary between colours • Exam allowance may or may not • Set of labelled pencils be given • Large objects, held apart • Contrasts, e.g. red on a white background but not red and green together on a white background
Apps…Programmes • iDaltonizer
• Try Vischeck on Your Image Files http://www.vischeck.com/vischeck/visch eckImage.php • Select the type of colour vision to simulate: • Deuteranope (a form of red/green colour deficit) • Protanope (another form of red/green colour deficit) • Tritanope (a blue/yellow deficit- very rare) • Image file:
CYAN Goggles, • Will eliminate “red” light… not quite the same but it will give you an idea of what someone might see.
http://www.colourblindawareness.org @colourblindorg www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5OYL3Kw8L8
http://www.colourblindawareness.org @colourblindorg
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