6/8/2020 14 Herbs With Historical Common Thyme Thymus vulgaris Medicinal Uses Basics PREFERRED GROWING CONDITIONS • Fragrant, pale lilac blooms • 1’ H x 1’ W WATER Full Sun Part Sun • Perennial (Zones 5-9) Moist Elderberry Marsh Mallow • Full sun, dry-medium well drained soil Historical Use Garlic Turmeric • Used as a nervous curative, antiseptic, relief for Roseroot gastric upset, bronchial and throat conditions Good to Know Candytuft Parts Used Hollyhock • Tolerates rocky soil, and drought • Leaf and flowers Dandelion • Cut back at least annually in Spring to avoid Average water Pot Marigold Ginger woody growth Tips for Harvesting • Grows quickly Houseleek • Harvest leaves throughout the season • Attracts bees Thyme • Best time is in the morning, just before flowers • May start from seed (with some difficulty) Sage open Dry Coneflower • Dry quickly 1 2 Sage Elderberry Salvia officinalis Sambucus canadensis Basics Basics • • Evergreen with square stems, hairy grey-green and Deciduous shrub, cream flowers, blue-black berries purple leaves • 5’ to 12’’ H x 5’ to 12’ W • 2.5’ H x 2.5’ W • Perennial (Zones 3-9) • Perennial (Zones 5-8) • Full sun to part shade, moist soil, must drain well • Full sun, dry-medium well drained soil Historical Use Historical Use Good to Know • Used to relieve headaches, bruises, burns and boils; as a • diuretic and for fevers, colds and flu • Flowers and berries attract wildlife and Used as an astringent and antiseptic, for ulcers and Good to Know sores in mouth and throat, wounds, digestive aid and pollinators; easy to grow once established Parts Used nerve tonic • Plant two different cultivars in well-drained soil • Tolerates rocky soil, and drought • within 60 feet to promote pollination and fruit Parts Used Flowers and berries • Cut back at least annually in Spring to avoid • Roots are shallow; self seeds as well as woody growth • Leaf occasionally sends up lateral canes similar to Tips for Harvesting • Grows from seed raspberries; may propagate from wood cuttings Tips for Harvesting • Plants may need replacing after 4 years, • Collect flowers in bloom (June-August) • Widely adaptable in US, promotes dense ground • Harvest leaves throughout year, leaves most because of woody growth • Berries may be harvested beginning July cover, may be used for erosion control on moist flavorful in summer just before bloom locations through early fall • Dry quickly or leaves may be boiled/soaked • Berries must be cooked (as well as bark, root • Thrives in woods, hedges and open areas leaves) 3 4 1
6/8/2020 Coneflower Dandelion Echinacea purpurea Taraxacum officinale Basics Basics • Perennial that grows to 12”, ragged basal leaves and • Upright stems, and pink to purple daisy like flowers yellow flowers • 3’ H x 5’ to 2’ W • Typically 2- 8” H x up to 6” W • Perennial (Zones 3-8) • Perennial (Zones 5-10) • Full sun, rich sandy soil • Full sun to part shade, average soil Historical Use Historical Use • Used for external wounds, burns and bites, colds, • Leaves were used as diuretic and roots to support liver, coughs and allergies, stomach cramps gallbladder and kidney as a detoxifier Good to Know Parts Used Parts Used Good to Know • Pollinators are strongly attracted to flowers • Roots and flowers primarily, leaves • Leaves and roots • Grows wildly in many parts of the US and Tips for Harvesting world • Native to central US Tips for Harvesting • Collect flowers and leaves while in bloom (June- • Adapts to soil and light conditions generally • Grown from seed in spring and root • Leaves are collected in early spring for tonic and August) division in winter • Seeds spread easily from spent flower salads (less bitter) • Roots or rhizomes should be pulled in autumn 4 • Roots are harvested in autumn from second year old plants year plants and dried • All are threatened in wild, so only commercially • Flowers may be used for wine grown plants should be used 5 6 Marsh Mallow Pot Marigold Althaea officinalis Calendula officinalis Basics Basics • Perennial that is tall and slender with heart shaped • Annual with bright orange and yellow daisy like leaves and pink flowers flowers • 2- 6’ H x up to 6” W • Up to 2’ H up to 2’ W • Perennial (Zones 3-9) • Perennial (Zones 2-11) • Full sun to part shade, wet soil or marshland • Full sun to part shade Historical Use Historical Use Good to Know • Soothes sore throat, expectorant and digestive aid • Used generally as an anti-inflammatory to soothe Good to Know • Native to southern Europe, cultivated in skin, wounds, acne, rashes, mouth sores; has Parts Used temperate regions; distinct from marigold • Native in Europe and naturalized in US antifungal properties • Tolerates frost so long blooming and will • Roots, leaves and flowers • Grows best in marshy fields, loamy soil and Parts Used rebloom when cut wetland or tidal areas; not drought tolerant • Flowers may languish in heat of summer, Tips for Harvesting • Flowers • May be grown from seed if stratified plant grows weedy; cut back and/or reseed • Aerial parts gathered in summer at beginning of in late summer for fall blooms Tips for Harvesting • Medicinal qualities of root come from its flowering • Grows readily from seed mucilage or sap • Flowers harvested in early summer as they • Roots are harvested in autumn • Wild species c. arvense has similar • Related to Hollyhock open medicinal qualities • Dried in shade 7 8 2
6/8/2020 Garlic Turmeric Allium sativum Curcuma longa Basics Basics • Showy, pinkish-white blooms on hardneck variety • Showy, pale yellow blooms • 1.5’ H x 6” W • 4’ H x 4’ W • • Annual bulb (Zones 4-9) Tender perennial (Zones 8-11) or indoors • Full sun, organically rich medium water soil • Morning sun, consistently moist soil Historical Use Historical Use • • Used as an antiseptic and diuretic. Note that it is Used for digestive issues and breathing problems. now advised not to use topically because of possible Good to Know Parts Used burning. Good to Know • Resistant to deer and black walnut • Parts Used Rhizomes (underground stems) • Tolerates wet soil • Bulbs may not survive very cold winters and • Plants grown in large containers may require • may rot in wet soil Bulb and leaves Tips for Harvesting frequent repotting • Softneck variety produces more, smaller cloves (sections) • Potted specimens require lots of water • Harvest in the fall when foliage begins to dry Tips for Harvesting • Attracts butterflies • Spider mites may appear if soil is dry • Dig up the entire plant and brush soil away from • Remove floral stems as they appear (in May) to • Plant cloves in fall after first killing frost rhizomes • Grows from firm, 2-inch piece of rhizome increase bulb size • Wash, peel, and freeze rhizomes • Start checking for mature cloves (sections) in late June or wait for leaves to turn yellow-brown • Dig and then dry in in a shady, warm, dry area 9 10 Ginger Roseroot Zingiber officinale Rhodiola rosea Basics Basics • • Cone flowers In flower from May to August • 4’ H x 4’ W • 1’ H x 1’ W • • Tender Perennial (Zones 9-12) Perennial (Zones 2 to 9) (Pot more practical) • Full sun, moist soil • Part shade, medium wet soil Historical Use Historical Use • Used largely for respiratory issues • Uses were primarily digestive but also for Good to Know Parts Used Good to Know coughing/colds • Bring pots in before temp drops to 50F • Parts Used Root • Requires cold treatment to germinate • Rhizomes subject to rot in wet and cold • Hardy but needs full sun • Rhizomes (underground stems) conditions • Native to crevices of mountain rocks Tips for Harvesting • Allow months of growth for large rhizomes • Plants are gendered and require bees or Tips for Harvesting • Takes 4-5 years to produce sizable roots • Young shoots are edible flies for pollination • Harvest in the fall when foliage begins to dry • Best harvested in the fall or in the spring before • Grows from slightly dried piece of rhizome • May start from seed (with some difficulty) the snow melts • Dig up the entire plant and brush soil away from • Slice and dry rhizomes • Wash, peel, and freeze rhizomes 11 12 3
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