10. The First World War and the Russian Revolution
10.1 The Causes of the First World War 10.2 The Economic and Social Impact of the war 10.3 The Peace Settlement 10.4 The Revolution of 1917 and its Effects
10.1 The Causes of the First World War
M: Militarism A: Alliances I: Industrialization N: Nationalism
Political Crises • Russian Revolution (1905) • Annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina (1908) • Balkan Wars (1912-1913)
• Pan-Slavism • German Weltpolitik • Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente
“The Spark” • Serbia and the “Black Hand” • Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand • July Crisis • War Plans – Schlieffen Plan
“Before the Leaves Fall” • Invasion of Belgium • “Battle of the Frontiers” • Miracle of the Marne • Trench Warfare
10.2 The Economic and Social Impact of the War
• Economics and Total War • Propaganda • Loss of Confidence
Economics and Total War • Industrial War • Blockade • Zeppelin Raids • Submarines • Gas • Tanks
Propaganda • War Bonds/Liberty Bonds • Posters • “Hun” • “Gott Strafe England” • “Daddy, What did you do during the war?
Loss of Confidence • Wilfred Owen • Dulce Et Decorum Est • Liberalism? • Technology? • European Civilization? • Progress?
10.3 The Peace Settlements
The Peace Settlements 1) Treaty of Brest- Litovsk 2) 14 Points 3) Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • March 3, 1918 • Terms: – Immediate demobilization – Independence of: Finland, Baltic States, Belarus, and Ukraine – Ottoman Empire gains Armenia/Georgia
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Russian Losses: • 9/10ths of its coal mines • 1/4 of its Industry • 1/3 of its Territory • 1/4 of its Population • 6 Billion in Reparations
14 Points • Point 1: No Private Treaties • Point 2/3: Freedom of the sea and equality of trade • Point 7: Belgium Restored • Point 13: Creation of an independent Poland • Point 14: A League of Nations
Versailles Treaty 1) Dismemberment of A-H, Russia, and Ottoman Empire 2) Germany • War Reparations • Disarmament • “War Guilt Clause” 3) League of Nations
“This is not a peace. It is an armistice for 20 years!” – Ferdinand Foch
10.4 The Revolution of 1917 and its Effects
Russia in World War One 1) Battles of Tannenburg and Masurian Lakes (1914) 2) Entrance of the Ottoman Empire 3) Tsar Takes Command (1915)
Russian Revolutions • February Revolution • Kerensky and the Provisional Government
Bolsheviks • V. I. Lenin • “Vanguard of the Proletariat” • “Peace, Land, Bread”
Bolshevik State • “Peace” – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • “Land” – Land redistribution • Russian Civil War (1917-1922) • Lenin Dies (1924)
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