10/21/2013 � What qualities does someone have who is intelligent? � Intelligence: ability to think rationally, act purposefully, respond to environment ◦ Fluid reasoning: similar, impossible ◦ Knowledge: how things work, vocab ◦ Quantitative reasoning: #s, patterns ◦ Visual-spatial processing: shapes ◦ Working memory: order, last digits � IQ (intelligence quotient) ◦ mental age / chronological age � What attributes are related to success? ◦ Intelligence, but also: � Motivation � Creativity 1
10/21/2013 � Heredity (about 50%) ◦ Genes for memory, brain structures, neuron communication, disorders � Environment ◦ Prenatal: nutrition, drugs, stress, sounds ◦ Postnatal: nutrition, interaction, practice, enriched environment, disease, toxins, encouragement/pressure � Adopted Twin Studies – who do we get intelligence from? � best predictor = person who raised you • Thinking: mental representation • attention, pattern recognition, memory, decision-making, intuition, knowledge • Images: picture representations • Ex. What you were wearing yesterday • Ex. (Kinesthetic) remembering dialing • Concepts: ideas that represent categories • ex. cup, chair, cat • Concept formation: classifying by rules • Ex. vegetable vs. fruit • conjunctive concepts: at least 2 features (this and that) • Ex. rollerskates • relational concepts: compared to others • Ex. sister • disjunctive concepts: at least one • Ex. a minority • Thinking in concepts takes no effort, is immediate, and becomes automatic as we age 2
10/21/2013 • prototypes: most typical representation • Ex. muscle car • What kind of music is this? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pR30knJs4Xk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZXc39hT8t4&feature=arti stob&playnext=1&list=TLGBFlP9-ZwiI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0gRzVPMeW0 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NhKK8Y-wIo • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDprYZ-tgiA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x59kS2AOrGM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2Rch6WvPJE&feature=artis tob&playnext=1&list=TLov2Am8u_lzo • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nl4opbNt8_E Create conceptual rules of classifying music into types & pick a prototype Example: Bluegrass music • conjunctive concepts: 2+ features • Must have at least a banjo and guitar • relational concepts: compared to others • More “breakdowns” than country • disjunctive concepts: at least one • Uses a fiddle or mandolin or harmonica • prototypes: most typical representation • “Dueling Banjos” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8reNgcIVFU 1:15 Words and symbols used for thinking and communicating � context: situation � phonemes: sounds � morphemes: syllables � grammar: rules for meaning � syntax: order of words 3
10/21/2013 � Nonverbal gestures ◦ En route to language, deaf & hearing ◦ Share objects, share info, requests, show emotion � Words ◦ Sensitive period: time when learning is done without effort � 9:22-11:24 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSKsID4B VPg&feature=related � What is the difference between language and communication? ◦ Video: Monkey talks � bricks � Solutions ◦ Mechanical: trial & error � Reach a banana ◦ Understanding: nature of the problem � Hair colorist ◦ Heuristics: limit possible solutions � Math – greatest common factor ◦ Insight: mental reorganization; sudden realization � tube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySMh1mBi3cI 4
10/21/2013 � emotional barriers: fear of mistakes ◦ speaking up in a group � cultural barriers: values that inhibit creativity ◦ culture which values harmony over innovation � learned barriers / functional fixedness: conventions, meanings, possibilities ◦ exfoliator � perceptual barriers: habits, fixed approaches ◦ approaching a relationship problem � Creativity ◦ Fluency (#) ◦ Flexibility (types) ◦ Originality (new) � Intuition: quick, emotional response � When is intuition inaccurate? ◦ Representativeness: fits our idea � accountant ◦ Odds � OUR scratcher ◦ Emotion � medicine ◦ Framing � majority vs. 51% 5
10/21/2013 � How should college admissions be granted? What kinds of intelligence should be emphasized? 6
Recommend
More recommend
