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mation F r ame wor ks in E ne r gy T r ansfor F r om fossil fue l domination CO 2 Emissions Climate Change CO 2 F r e e e ne r gy supplie s Solar, Wind, Nuclear, Synthetic Fuels, Bio Fuels 2
oads Austr alia at the Cr ossr Austr alia’s osc illation & It’s ke y r ole ke ts In F ar E ast Coal Mar What ar e the options? What c an be ac hie ve d? 3
How to Move Forward: Where are We? What comes Next? 4
Transformation OGY T M T HE WORL D NE E DS CARBON NE GAT IVE T E CHNOL Ac c o rding to the UN I PCC F ifth Asse ssme nt Re po rt & the 2015 Pa ris Ag re e me nt, Car bon e c hnolog y ™ is no w the o nly wa y to Ne gative T a ve rt c a ta stro phic c lima te c ha ng e : Dir e c t Air Captur e of Car bon Dioxide ( CO 2 ) 5
Carbon-Negative Technology Urgently Needed • To Reduce Carbon from the Atmosphere • In a Profitable Way The Word needs Energy CLEAN ENERGY FOR DEVELOPING NATIONS 6
What to do? • Change International Law • Change Economics We just have to do it • The survival of our Species could be at stake 7
What is at Stake? Change International Law Basic Needs • In 1974 the Bariloche Model of the World Economy • Based on my new concept of Basic Needs • Was the basis of Sustainable Development voted by 150 nations at the 1992 UN Earth Summit in Rio Brazil • Adopted by the G – 20 in 2009 Sustainable Development 8
Legal Agreements Achieved 1. 1992: Basic Needs: voted by 150 nations at UN Earth Summit Rio de Janeiro Brazil –cornerstone of Sustainable Development (G-20 2009) 2. 1997: Kyoto Protocol - Global Carbon Market EU ETS, voted by 160 nations in Kyoto COP, 1997 international law since 2005, trading $175USBn in 2012 3. 2009: Green Power Fund Copenhagen COP 2009: international law as Green Climate Fund 4. 2010: Global Thermostat : its Carbon Negative Technology can Reverse Climate Change (Forbes and KPMG, 2016) 5. 2015: UN Paris Agreement is voluntary only but contains four articles on Carbon Removals that can Reverse Climate Change 6. 2017: US Future Act – Bipartisan Federal Law (45G) – Unlimited tax credits ($35/ton) for removing CO 2 from atmosphere 9
BUSINE SS MUST SOL VE T HIS GL OBAL POL ICY PROBL E M 1st GT PIL OT PL ANT – Ca pture s CO 2 Dire c tly from Air SRI Inte r national (for me r ly Stanfor d Re se ar c h Institute ), 333 Rave nswood Ave nue , Me nlo Par k, CA 94025 10
New Technology Possibilities Remove C0 2 directly from the atmosphere & stores it in commercial materials or products 11
2018: New US Law 2018 NEWS: February 2018 New Tax Incentive in Trump’s Budget Zooms Adoption of Direct Air Capture of Carbon • Presentation of Direct Air Capture of Carbon in RI & RI Senate January 10 th 2018 • Followed by our proposal January 25 th 2018 • Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) on February 2018 introduces New Law, Now Part of Trump’s Budget, with a unlimited tax credit ($35 per ton) for removal of CO 2 from air Adoption of Direct Air Capture FUTURE ACT BIPARTISAN FEDERAL LAW (45G) 12
(45G): Sole US Company Qualifying F or 2018 US F UT URE ACT Global T he r mostat Me e ts T he Wor ld’s Ne e ds OGY T M CARBON NE GAT IVE T E CHNOL GT Re move s Car bon Dioxide fr om ambie nt air while se lling it pr ofitably for : Wate r De salination, Gr e e n F e r tilize r s, Cle an Car bonate d dr inks, Dr y Ic e , Gr e e n Synthe tic F ue ls, Gr e e nhouse s, mate r ials - Car bon F ibe r s and Plastic s, E nhanc e d Oil Re c ove r y, an e nor mous US $1tr illion mar ke t. GT ’s te c hnology br ings ne w c apital to e c onomy and c an r e ve r se c limate c hange Re vo lutio na ry c a rb o n c a pture te c hno lo g y F ARMS T HE SK I E S: lo w c o st Dire c t Air Ca pture o f 2 fo r c o mme rc ia l use ; a c c o rding to the UN I PCC F ifth Asse ssme nt Re po rt & the 2015 Pa ris Ag re e me nt, Ca rb o n Ne g a tive T e c hno lo g y™ is no w the o nly wa y to a ve rt c a ta stro phic c lima te c ha ng e : 13
Global Thermostat & Others Positive Business Impact while Reversing Climate Change Meeting Requirements of Byrd-Hagel Law 1997 • New Jobs • Expanding Exports • Economic Progress 14 14
T HE CL IMAT E CHAL L E NGE GT Answe r s T his Cr itic al Challe nge by Pr ofitably Captur ing Atmosphe r ic CO 2 for Pr oduc tive Industr ial Use – Cr e ating Abundant, Re liable , L ow Cost Supply Whe r e ve r Ne e de d Car bon Ne gative Powe r Plants Atmosphe r ic CO 2 le ve ls c ontinue to r ise o 20% inc r e ase in the last half c e ntur y o Hit 400ppm in 2013, for the fir st time o 15
COMME RICAL USE S OF CO 2 Ca pture d CO 2 is re purpo se d fo r a myria d o f industry a pplic a tio ns 3% 71% 18% 5% 2% 1% Bio fe rtilize rs I ndustria l Ga se s F o o d & Be ve ra g e Build ing Ma te ria ls Synthe tic F ue ls Se a wa te r De sa lina tio n >$205m/ yr >$4.8bn/ yr >$1.3bn/ yr >$340m/ yr >$135m/ yr >$70m/ yr E xisting ma rke t E xisting ma rke t E xisting ma rke t E xisting ma rke t E xisting ma rke t E xisting ma rke t 16
COMME RCIAL VAL UE PROPOSIT ION A major and unpr e c e de nte d CO 2 mar ke t disr uptor We pro duc e CO 2 b e lo w $50 pe r me tric to nne . L owe st E ne rg y pro vide d b y lo w c o st re sidua l lo w Cost te mpe ra ture he a t (85° C) ra the r tha n e le c tric ity Most T he mo dula rity o f o ur pla nts ke e ps Ca pE x de plo yme nt in line with de ma nd a nd utiliza tio n Sc alable Our Dire c t Air Ca pture te c hno lo g y ne a rly No e limina te s pro hib itive distrib utio n c o sts in the T r anspor tation C0 2 industry. Car bon Addre sse s lo ng -te rm e nviro nme nta l a nd e c o no mic issue s Ne gative Re liable , lowe st c ost CO 2 availa ble anytime , anywhe r e in the wor ld 17
Car bon Re moval 2 F r om Air : e c hnology Ne w T Ste p 2: Ca rbon Ca pture Mo no liths c o a te d with GT ’ s Ste p 4: He a t T ra nsfe r pro prie ta ry a mino po lyme r T wo re g e ne ra tio n so rb e nt se le c tive ly b ind c ha mb e rs o pe ra ting 50% CO 2 fro m the a ir o ut o f pha se tra nsfe r he a t b a c k a nd fo rth to WORKS HOW IT re duc e se nsib le he a t re q uire me nt b y ha lf Glo b a l T he rmo sta t’ s 1 3 Pro prie ta ry Cyc lic 4 Adsor ptive CO 2 e me tho d Captur Ste p 1: Air Input se le c tive ly c a pture s Ze ro c o st fe e dsto c k, hig h-purity CO 2 c a rb o n dire c tly fro m the a ir, is a c c e ssib le fro m fre e a ir a t a ny a nywhe re in the wo rld lo c a tio n. T he Ste p 3: Re g e ne ra tion pro c e ss a lso Pure CO 2 is re le a se d b y 85° - 90°C ste a m a nd the c o nse rve s e ne rg y in so rb e nt is re g e ne ra te d a n e ffic ie nt he a t c yc le 18
Technology Operation Step 1: Air Input Monolith Contactors + Sorbent “Cartridge” Regeneration Ambient Air • GT uses monolith contactors like those in a tailpipe catalytic converter Phase • Contactors provide high surface contact areas at low pressure drop GT Module Adsorption • Enables movement of large air volumes with effective contact of CO 2 at low cost Phase ` Step 2: Carbon Capture Monolith Contactors + Sorbent “Cartridge” Ambient Air Regeneration • GT sorbents proven highly effective by Georgia Tech - confirmed by SRI, BASF, Phase Corning, and DN Veritas GT Module Adsorption • Process to deposit immobilized amines in pores of the contactor walls at high Phase loading by Corning, Haldor Topsoe, Applied Catalysts Step 3: Regeneration Monolith Contactors + Sorbent “Cartridge” Regeneration Phase • CO 2 -rich sorbent is heated with low-temperature process heat steam (95°C) • CO 2 is collected and sorbent is regenerated (thermal and sweep gas cycle) GT Module CO 2 Collection Adsorption 95° Steam Phase • CO 2 can be stored or used in multiple commercial applications • 16 minute cycle per panel for ambient air Step 4: Heat Transfer Monolith Contactors + Sorbent “Cartridge” • Neighboring module has completed Step 2, and enters its regeneration box Regeneration Phase • That box is evacuated, and connected to the hot box from which CO 2 was just Evacuated steam removed from hot box to GT Module Adsorption neighboring Phase • Water evaporates from hot monoliths (cooling them) and condenses on cool box/module monoliths, warming them • This sharing provides 50% of the heat for the cool monoliths 19 19
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