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Human beings are members of a whole دنرگیدکی یاضعا مدآ ینب In creation of one essence and soul دنرهوگ کی ز شنیرفآ رد هک «یزاریش یدعس» “ Saadi Shirazi ” 2
About IRAN 3
Iran Overview • Capital Tehran • Government type Theocratic Republic • Currency Iranian Rial (1USD : 35,526 IRR) • Religion Shia Muslim (95%) • Language Persian/Farsi • Nominal GDP 431.1 USD Billion • GDP (PPP) 16,507 USD • Total Debt / GDP 16.4% • Inflation 8.5% • GDP Growth 3.5% • Population 80.21m (17th, about 1.08% of the world’s population) • Area 1,648,195 km 2 (17th) 4
Summary Bordered by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq. 2 nd largest nation in the Middle East and 17 th largest in the world. Home to one of the world’s oldest civilizations-the Proto- Elamite and Elamite Kingdom, 3200-2800 BC. Reached pinnacle of power during the Achaemenid Empire, the largest the world has ever seen. The empire collapsed in 330 BC following conquests of Alexander the Great. Is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM OIC and OPEC. It has a unique political system which combines elements of parliamentary democracy with a theocratic government owned by the country’s clergy. Has a strong labour force with > 55% skilled workers. 5
Main deposits and geological overview 6
Part of the Alpine-Himalayan (Alpine) orogenic belt or T ethys belt Also named T ethyan-Eurasian Metallogenic Belt The Tethyan domain represents a metallogenic amalgamation across diverse geodynamic settings, and is the best endowed of all large orogenic systems, such as those associated with the Cordilleran and Variscan orogenies. The ore deposits within the Tethyan domain include porphyry Cu – Mo – Au, granite-related Sn – W, podiform chromite, sediment-hosted Pb – Zn deposits, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) Cu – Pb – Zn deposits, epithermal and orogenic Au polymetallic deposits, as well as skarn Fe polymetallic deposits. 7
Tectonic and Geology of Iran Crustal tectonic events of Iran Simplified geology of Iran 1: Continental crust 2 : Phanerozoic sedimentary cover 3 : Evaporate and sedimentary Cover 8 4 : Oceanic crust 5 : Extrusive rocks 6 : Intrusive rocks
Structural and Metallogenic provinces of Iran Zagros structural and metallogenic province Sanandaj-Sirjan structural and metallogenic province Igneous Rocks, Including Orumiyeh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt Central Iran structural and metallogenic province Alborz structural and metallogenic province Kopeh Dagh structural and metallogenic province Makran structural and metallogenic province Eastern of Iran structural and metallogenic province Ophiolites of Iran Important deposits in Structural and Metallogenic provinces: 5) Alborz : Lead & Zinc, Phosphate, Bauxite, Coal 1) Zagros : Oil and Gas, Phosphate 2) Sanandaj- Sirjan : Lead & Zinc, Gold, Silver, Iron 6) Central Iran : Lead & Zinc, Iron, Copper, Phosphate 9 3) Orumiyeh- Dokhtar : Copper, Molybdenum, Gold, Iron 7) Makran : Copper, Chromite, Iron, Titanium, Manganese 4) East of Iran : Copper, Gold, Antimony 8) Ophiolites Of Iran : Copper, Chromite, Manganese
Ancient Mining and Metallurgy More than 6,000 years of ancient mining and metallurgical history Discovery of several ancient mines all indicate that the Iranian Plateau may have been the birthplace of some metallurgical techniques and a major source of metals for ancient cultures. • Ancient metallurgical site at Arisman • Ancient smelting and metal working at the known site of Tappeh Sialk • Ancient Copper-Tin mine at Deh Hosein 10
Relation between the names of mining products and geographical locations 11
Iran Resource Overview There are 68 types of minerals with an estimated value of $700 billion. Total proven reserves of metallic and non-metallic deposits are estimated at 55 billion tons. Iran’s deposits that are largely underdeveloped include zinc (world's largest), copper (world's ninth largest-revised from second largest in 2010), iron (world's ninth largest), uranium (world's tenth largest) and lead (world's eleventh largest). Iran with roughly 1% of the world's population holds more than 7% of the world's total mineral reserves. Metal resources Iron ore Molybdenum Copper Gold Lead Zinc Aluminum Silver Unit Million tons Tons Thousand tons Tons Thousand tons Thousand tons Thousand tons Tons Production 45 6,300 265 1.341 35 85 600 15 World rank 9 8 13 62 16 14 11 19 Industrial mineral Gypsum Cement Barite Feldspar Fluorspar Kaolin Mica Lime Bentonite Bauxite Talc Coal resources Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Unit Million tons tons tons tons tons tons tons tons tons tons tons tons 12 22,000 75,000 270 600 70 900 7 3,000 400 400 84 2.2 Production World rank 2 7 6 7 7 8 9 12 57 17 16 19
Mineral Distribution Map of Iran Metallic Nonmetallic Nonmetallic Buildings Fossil Fuel Minerals Minerals Minerals Materials Building & Copper Turquoise Sepiolite Decorative Oil Stone Iron Phosphate Bitumen Gypsum Gas Manganese Salt Orpiment Rubble Stone Condensate Chromite Sulfur Asbestos Pumice Coal Gold Sodium Sulfate Sylvite Perlite Pozzolan & Molybdenum Kaolinite Chalk Pozzolanic tuff Lead Bentonite Vermiculite Scoria Aluminum Talc Borax Antimony Mica Barite Titanium Feldspar Magnesite Mercury Silica Celestite Silver Fluorite Garnet Polymetal Alunite Dolomite Nepheline Pyrite Zeolite 13 Syenite Uranium Limestone Diatomite Zinc Ochre Agate Tungsten Fireclay Bauxite
Locations of Operating Mines and Nonfuel Mineral Processing Facilities in Iran 14
Zagros Zone Metallic Mineral Lead & Zinc, Iron, Copper, Silver Geology: This zone extends from Bandar Abbas in south to Nonmetallic Phosphate, Salt, Sulphur, Bitumen, Barite, Celestine, Kermanshah in northwest, and continues through to Mineral Gilsonite, Dolomite, Bauxite, Agate, etc. Iraq. Zagros is indeed the northeastern edge of the Arabian plate. Mainly folded thick sediments (carbonate Buildings Building & Decorative Stone, Rubble Stone, Gypsum, Marl rocks and carbonates) overlying a high-grade Materials metamorphic Precambrian basement, salt diapirs in the Fossil Fuel Oil and Gas south. 15
Oil and Gas Iran holds some of the world’s largest deposits of proved oil and natural gas reserves, ranking as the world’s fourth-largest and second- largest reserve holder of oil and natural gas, respectively. Iran also ranks among the world’s top 10 oil producers and top 5 natural gas producers. Iran produced almost 3.4 million barrels per day (b/d) of petroleum and other liquids in 2014 and an estimated 5.7 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of dry natural gas in 2013. 16
Sanandaj-Sirjan Structural and Metallogeny Zone Metallic Mineral Gold, Lead& Zinc, Iron, Copper, Tin, Tungsten Geology: This zone is located to the south-southwest of Central Non Metallic Mineral Barite, Fluorite, Mica, Talc, Bentonite, jasper, Iran, and the northeastern edge of Zagros Range. A striking feature of this zone is the presence of immense Silica, Garnet, Graphite, Orpiment, Dolomite, etc. volumes of magmatic and metamorphic rocks of Paleozoic Buildings Materials Building & Decorative Stone, Rubble Stone. and Mesozoic ages.. 17
Igneous Rocks, Including Orumiyeh- Dokhtar Magmatic Belt Copper, Molybdenum, Gold, Silver, Lead & Zinc, Antimony, Metallic Mineral Geology: Iron, Manganese Mainly volcanic (basalt to dacite), pyroclastic (i.e. tuff Nonmetallic Barite, Fluorite, Silica, Bentonite, Kaolinite, Talc, Dolomite, and ignimbrite) and plutonic (diorite to granite) rocks, Mineral Turquoise, Alunite, Mica, Agate, Sodium Sulfate, etc. sporadically with nummulite, limestone. Post-Upper Jurassic to Quaternary, Peak of magmatic activities Buildings Building & Decorative Stone, Rubble Stone, Gypsum, Marl Eocene. Materials 18
Central Iran Structural and Metallogeny Zone Geology: Metallic Mineral Iron, Lead & Zinc, Copper, Gold, Silver, Nickel, Cobalt, Located as a triangle in the middle of Iran, Central Iran is Titanium, Manganese one of the most important and complicated structural Nonmetallic Phosphate, Magnesite, Barite, Fluorite, Silica, Bentonite, zones in Iran. Here, rocks of all ages, from the Mineral Kaolinite, Talc, Lime, Dolomite, Agate, Sodium Sulfate, etc. Precambrian to the Quaternary, and several episodes of Buildings Building & Decorative Stone, Rubble Stone, Gypsum, Marl orogeny, metamorphism, and magmatism can be Materials recognized. Fossil Fuel Coal Coal Gold Iron 19
Alborz Zone Metallic Mineral Lead & Zinc, Iron, Copper, Gold, silver Geology: Alborz is located in northern Iran, parallel to the Nonmetallic Phosphate, Barite, Fluorite, Silica, Dolomite, Bauxite, southern margin of the Caspian Sea. It is characterized Mineral Zeolite, Turquoise, etc. by the dominance of platform-type sediments, including limestone, dolostone, and clastic rocks. Rock units from Buildings Building & Decorative Stone, Rubble Stone, Gypsum, Marl the Precambrian to the Quaternary have been Materials identified, with some hiatuses and unconformities in Paleozoic and Mesozoic.. Fossil Fuel Coal 20
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